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Chamber and committees

Meeting of the Parliament

Meeting date: Wednesday, May 22, 2013


Contents


Portfolio Question Time


Education and Lifelong Learning


Gaelic Further and Higher Education



1. To ask the Scottish Government how it supports Gaelic further and higher education. (S4O-02135)

The Minister for Learning, Science and Scotland’s Languages (Dr Alasdair Allan)

The Scottish Government is committed to supporting all levels of Gaelic education. We understand the value that the further and higher education sectors bring to Gaelic. We are working closely with the Scottish Further and Higher Education Funding Council and those sectors to deliver high-quality courses, including in areas such as teacher training and research, which benefit the whole of Scotland.

Dave Thompson

The minister will know that Sabhal Mòr Ostaig has been a great success since it was founded 40 years ago. The latest development of the Gaelic college in a new village at Kilbeg, with substantial funding from the Scottish Government, will continue that progress, and confirms the Government’s support for Gaelic.

Does the minister agree that the case for Gaelic further and higher education is now indisputable? Will he continue to support Sabhal Mòr Ostaig, which is the jewel in the crown of Gaelic education?

Dr Allan

I agree with the member whole-heartedly. I agree not just about Sabhal Mòr Ostaig, but about the recent development there; I recognise the value of that development at Kilbeg.

The Government also recognises the role that the European regional development fund, Highlands and Islands Enterprise, the funding council and Highland Council have had in ensuring that that success has come to pass.

Can the minister tell us how many Gaelic-medium teacher training places will be available for session 2013-14?

An additional 20 places are hoped for for session 2013-14. The number of Gaelic-medium-qualified teachers who have been coming through this year has been higher than in previous years. I will get the figures to Liz Smith in writing.


HMYOI Polmont (Education Provision)

Anne McTaggart (Glasgow) (Lab)



2. To ask the Scottish Government what additional support it will provide to HMYOI Polmont and Education Scotland, following the decision to increase access, quality and consistency of teaching for inmates as a result of the report on HMYOI Polmont in February 2013. (S4O-02136)

The Minister for Learning, Science and Scotland’s Languages (Dr Alasdair Allan)

The Scottish Prison Service has already committed substantial resources to supporting the young people in HMYOI Polmont. In partnership with Education Scotland, the SPS is now working to ensure that those resources are being invested appropriately to support the changes that are needed to create the skills development and learning environment that is envisaged in the recent report by HM inspectorate of prisons for Scotland.

However, further funding has also been made available for additional posts in Polmont, including a project manager to work with both Polmont and Education Scotland to manage delivery of that ground-breaking work.

Anne McTaggart

I was encouraged to learn that, on 8 May, Education Scotland and the Scottish Prison Service met various organisations, including colleges of further education, to discuss the process that will enable HMYOI Polmont to provide a secure and effective learning environment. What tangible steps have been taken to implement that new initiative, and what difference should the current young offenders be able to identify in the quality and scope of their education?

Dr Allan

As Anne McTaggart mentioned, on 8 May Education Scotland held a workshop on the issues. On tangible benefits, Carnegie College continues to review and expand its on-going contract with Polmont. I hope that the current review of the curriculum that is on offer in the prison will ensure that we pick up issues around numeracy and literacy early, which are crucial to ensuring the life chances of prisoners when they come out of prison.


Further Education (Support for Over-25s)



3. To ask the Scottish Government what it is doing to encourage over-25s who are unemployed to pursue further education. (S4O-02137)

The Cabinet Secretary for Education and Lifelong Learning (Michael Russell)

Our commitment to a consistent level in college funding of £522 million a year this year and next year makes clear our commitment to learners. The current economic circumstances mean that it is right to ask colleges to prioritise young people. However, colleges offer very valuable support to older learners—some 21 million hours of learning in 2011-12. In recognition of the important role that they play, our additional funding for next year includes a further £6.6 million for additional learner places and £1.9 million for additional childcare support.

Colin Beattie

Will the cabinet secretary join me in welcoming the latest employment statistics, which show headline employment rising by 54,000 in the three-month period January to March 2013? Does he believe that the biggest risk to rising employment is Westminster?

Michael Russell

Westminster—[Interruption]—or, as a member of the Opposition has just called it, “Westmonster”, which is an interesting way of looking at it, is a considerable problem, so the right way for Scotland to move forward is as an independent country that will be able to offer a consistent and considerable set of opportunities to older and younger learners.

It is vital that the college sector continue to ensure that its offerings are wide and widely accessible. The changes that are taking place through the Post-16 Education (Scotland) Bill will also guarantee that.

One of the ways to help over-25s who are out of work is through adult learning. Has the Scottish Government joined every country in sub-Saharan Africa in signing up to the “International Adult Learners’ Charter” and, if not, why not?

Michael Russell

No matter what the Scottish Government did, there would be something that it was not doing that Mr Findlay would regard as being near fatal.

I am absolutely certain that the Scottish Government’s record on adult learning is good and consistent. No matter what Mr Findlay waves around, no matter what he finds to criticise, and no matter his inability to work with others, the reality is that in adult learning, college learning, university learning and school learning the Government is delivering good education in Scotland, as opposed to what Mr Findlay, who is delivering only constant oppositionalism, is doing.


Curriculum for Excellence (Societal Change)



4. To ask the Scottish Government what flexibility there is in the curriculum for excellence to reflect evolving situations in society. (S4O-02138)

The Minister for Learning, Science and Scotland’s Languages (Dr Alasdair Allan)

There are provisions within the range of experiences and outcomes that take account of and actively promote the study of changing society at a range of macro and micro levels nationally and internationally. That is one of the ways in which the new curriculum is responsive to change.

John Finnie

The Parliament’s Equal Opportunities Committee will shortly scrutinise the proposed same-sex marriage legislation. What assurances can the minister give that that issue will be dealt with in an age-appropriate and non-partisan way in Scotland’s schools?

Teachers already have an obligation to deal with such sensitive issues in a way that entirely respects an equalities agenda and uses age-appropriate material. I have no doubt that the profession will continue to act with that good sense.

Question 5 from Mark McDonald has not been lodged. We can all understand why.

Question 6 from Richard Simpson has also not been lodged. Similarly, we can understand why and an explanation has been provided.


Further Education Students with Learning Difficulties (Employment)



7. To ask the Scottish Government how many further education students with learning difficulties have taken up supported employment after completing their courses, in each of the last three years. (S4O-02141)

The Cabinet Secretary for Education and Lifelong Learning (Michael Russell)

Information on leaver destinations of further education students is not currently collected. However, we want to ensure that, with the right support, disabled people are able to find fulfilling jobs that are suitable to their skills and experience.

We are currently working with the Scottish Consortium for Learning Disability and Enable to develop a programme to build on the success of their project search and their transitions into employment programmes to increase the number of students with learning disabilities who move from our colleges into employment by 200 per year.

We are also working closely with local authorities and the Scottish Union of Supported Employment to promote supported employment opportunities, where disabled people can learn on the job with support from colleagues and a job coach.

John Pentland

I thank the cabinet secretary for that “kind of” answer. Again, he failed to answer the question with any figures.

Will the learning disability strategy—the launch of which I understand has now been put back a couple of weeks until 13 June—make more supported employment available for people with learning disabilities after they leave college? Will there be measures in the strategy to address that?

Michael Russell

As I said to John Pentland, we are currently working with the Scottish Consortium for Learning Disability and Enable to develop a programme to build on the success of their project search and their transition to employment programmes in order to increase by 200 a year the number of students with learning disabilities who move from colleges into employment. There is a number attached to that; there are existing projects attached to that and there are bodies attached to that.

I have met representatives of those bodies on two occasions recently, and I continue to meet them regularly and to talk to them about what more we can do to support their work. That is a positive set of discussions. I have been to the cross-party group on learning disability and I have had conversations with its members to ensure that there is satisfaction about what is taking place.

If John Pentland wishes to see me about the matter, we can have conversations, too. All the things that I mentioned are actually happening.

Can the cabinet secretary outline how the recently launched certificate of work readiness will help more young people into employment?

Michael Russell

The certificate of work readiness is a very positive step forward. It is an employer-assessed work-based qualification to help young people to prove that they are ready for work. That includes young people such as the 17-year-old Fife teenager Nico Hutchison who, after completing the certificate for work readiness with a local electronics firm, secured a two-year apprenticeship with the company.

Numerous employer surveys show that one of the biggest barriers that face young people in today’s challenging labour market is lack of experience. With its employer-assessed work-experience placement, the certificate is a meaningful qualification, which employers recognise and trust. Successful completion gives young people the chance to prove that they have the skills and experience that employers want. That is a very useful and positive step forward, not just for the system but for each young person who is involved.


National Qualifications for English (Scottish Texts)



8. To ask the Scottish Government what criteria are used when selecting set Scottish texts for the new national qualifications for English. (S4O-02142)

The Minister for Learning, Science and Scotland’s Languages (Dr Alasdair Allan)

Responsibility for the development of the new qualifications, including the implementation of a specific element on Scottish texts in the English courses, lies with the Scottish Qualifications Authority. In determining the list of set Scottish texts, the SQA took account of the extensive feedback that had been received through engagement with teachers and lecturers, as well as other stakeholder groups. A central consideration was the suitability of texts for assessment purposes. Further consideration was given to ensuring that Scotland’s rich culture and heritage, a range of geographical locations and time periods, and a breadth of themes were represented.

Kenneth Gibson

In the past, higher English texts included such classics as “Ivanhoe” by Sir Walter Scott, “The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie” by Muriel Spark and Robert Louis Stevenson’s “The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde”. Are there any plans to broaden the choice of texts to include such works, which although they are challenging were once commonly used in our schools?

Dr Allan

I should perhaps first say that, despite some press speculation, I did not set the exam questions personally. The SQA does that, for good reasons.

Kenneth Gibson mentioned Robert Louis Stevenson, who is, in fact, on the list of set texts, albeit not with “The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde”.

It is important to say that we are talking about one question in the new exams. The option exists for people to answer any of the other questions—for the critical essay, for instance, or for internal assessment—on any text, be it a Scottish text or a text from anywhere around the world. There is certainly the opportunity, if teachers are willing, to teach and examine the texts to which Kenneth Gibson refers.

Can the minister explain why the specified text has been reintroduced, despite its having been previously discarded for offering too narrow an assessment?

Dr Allan

The specified text is being introduced in the exam papers first because the Scottish studies working group thought that it was rather unusual that any country would think it normal for its national literature not to feature, as a matter of course, in a literature exam—as it does in Wales, in Ireland, in America and, by default, because it does not need to be specified, in England. With advice from people such as the national makar—our national poet—and many others, that was felt to be an uncontroversial thing to do, except in some paranoid circles.


Educational Psychologists (Workforce Planning)



9. To ask the Scottish Government what progress is being made with the educational psychologists workforce planning group. (S4O-02143)

The Cabinet Secretary for Education and Lifelong Learning (Michael Russell)

The educational psychologists workforce planning group met on 8 March this year, following a meeting on 25 October 2012. We are currently working with the group to monitor the impact of the changes in funding arrangements for the training of educational psychologists in Scotland.

The group has worked to revise its terms of reference and will meet again on 12 September. Full minutes and agendas can be provided to Claire Baker and to others who are interested.

Claire Baker

In evidence to the Education and Culture Committee yesterday, Carolyn Brown from the Association of Scottish Principal Educational Psychologists described significant cuts in educational psychologists in the past three years as taking us “back to square 1”. Under previous Administrations, we saw an increase, but under this Government we have seen a decline. Is the cabinet secretary satisfied that the current number of educational psychologists is sufficient to meet demand, considering that we are now practically back to the staffing levels of 2001, when the Currie report was published?

Michael Russell

There is no end to the spending demands of the Labour Opposition. In addition to that demand today, yesterday Mr Findlay was calling for free entry to Our Dynamic Earth. There is nothing that it will not demand of this Administration.

Of course there are restrictions on public finance and they will have some effect, but there is a new agreed funding position with the Student Awards Agency for Scotland, whereby students are eligible to apply for the £3,400 postgraduate tuition-fee loan for each of the two years, which they will not start repaying until they are in employment and earning over a threshold. An alternative funding mechanism is the professional career development loan, which is a deferred-payment bank loan to help to pay for vocational training that leads to employment in the United Kingdom and European Union. The loan can cover up to two years of learning and can be between £300 and £10,000. Students have to start paying that money back once they finish their courses.

Of course there are difficulties within the current public finances. If Claire Baker really wishes to make a difference to that, I commend to her support for independence, when all the resources of Scotland will be available to the people of Scotland. That is the way forward.

Presiding Officer, I wonder whether you can give me some guidance on ministers’ answers to questions. In one answer, the cabinet secretary has deliberately misled the Parliament twice. One was—

I take it that this is a point of order, then.

Neil Findlay

Yes. Well—it is a point of order, or whatever way you want to take it, Presiding Officer.

First, I did not say yesterday what the cabinet secretary suggested. I hope that he will withdraw what he alleged that I said.

Secondly, the point that Claire Baker mentioned was made in evidence to the Education and Culture Committee yesterday. Maybe the cabinet secretary will reflect on that as well, and apologise to Ms Baker.

That was not a point of order because—as you well know by now—questions to and answers from Government ministers are a matter for them. We will move on to question 10.


Vulnerable Children and Families (Support)



10. To ask the Scottish Government how it seeks to support vulnerable children and their families. (S4O-02144)

The Minister for Children and Young People (Aileen Campbell)

The Scottish Government wants Scotland to be the best place in which to grow up for all Scotland’s children and young people. We have a range of measures in place to take that ambitious vision forward and they are underpinned by the getting it right for every child—GIRFEC—approach, which has been in place since 2004. It puts the child at the centre of services and focuses on improving their life through appropriate, proportionate and timely measures. Our recently published Children and Young People (Scotland) Bill will underpin new ways of working and embed key elements of the GIRFEC approach in law.

The Scottish Government wants to ensure that no parent or family ever feels isolated and that people can access information, advice and support whenever they are needed. Last year, we published Scotland’s first national parenting strategy to ensure that parents get the support that they need when they need it. That is supported by an £18 million investment to create high-quality, co-ordinated and accessible family support.

Bob Doris

I thank the minister for that detailed answer. Yesterday, I met families from across Scotland who are benefiting from the Family Fund’s take a break initiative, which gives the families of disabled youngsters financial assistance to plan a holiday of their choice, which under-pressure families greatly value. The Scottish Government’s support for that initiative is welcome. Will the minister confirm that the fund includes support for families of disabled young people over the age of 18? Will he continue to work constructively with the Family Fund to ensure that there is sufficient provision to meet the needs of families of young people over the age of 18?

Aileen Campbell

The member makes a good point. We acknowledge the importance of supporting young people in that way. That is why the Scottish Government has put £30 million into the voluntary sector for short breaks over the period 2010 to 2015. Of that, £8 million is directed towards supporting disabled children and young people and their parent carers, and that investment is administered through two funding programmes.

Shared Care Scotland administers £1.3 million per year through the better breaks programme and the Family Fund administers £700,000 per year through the take a break programme. Both offer creative short-break opportunities for disabled young people and both encompass young people up to the age of 20. I know that the member will be reassured by that.

If groups want to re-examine the age limits, it is entirely appropriate for them to do so and they should discuss that with the Scottish Government. Of course, we will always aim to continue constructive dialogue with whichever groups are supporting vulnerable young people.

On supporting vulnerable children, what is the minister’s view of the reduction in classroom assistants in our schools? What impact will that reduction have on vulnerable children?

Aileen Campbell

As I outlined, we have structures in place—we have getting it right for every child—and our whole approach in the Government is to ensure that children who need help and support get that help and support in a timely way. The Government is motivated by that; it is a pity that perhaps the member does not take cognisance of that and instead wants to snipe from the sidelines.


Nursery Places (Partnership Funding)



11. To ask the Scottish Government what guidance it provides to local authorities in relation to providing partnership funding for nursery places. (S4O-02145)

The Minister for Children and Young People (Aileen Campbell)

The Scottish Government does not currently provide guidance on that. It is for local authorities to decide an appropriate level to pay partner providers. The key priority is to secure high-quality early learning and childcare for children.

New statutory guidance will be published to support the implementation of the early learning and childcare proposals in the Children and Young People (Scotland) Bill. A sub-group of the early years task force has been established to draft that guidance. The group includes representatives of private and third sector partner providers, including the National Day Nurseries Association, the Care and Learning Alliance and Parenting across Scotland, which supports parents and represents parents’ issues.

I call Aileen Campbell. I am sorry—I mean Roderick Campbell. Forgive me.

Roderick Campbell

Many parents in my constituency have raised concerns that they cannot send their children to their preferred nursery because of a lack of partnership-funded places, and they dispute the local authority’s claim that there are sufficient places in its nurseries in the area. I welcome the minister’s comments, however. Does she agree that parental choice remains fundamental and that local authorities should take account of that and ensure that sufficient partnership-funded places are available in local nurseries?

Aileen Campbell

Yes, and I take on board what Rod Campbell—no relation—has stated. If he so wishes, I am happy to meet him to explain some of the proposals in the bill. I agree that parental choice is important. That is why we are introducing more flexibility through the bill’s early learning and childcare proposals.

It is for local authorities to secure sufficient provision through their own services and through partner providers. The bill will introduce a requirement on local authorities to consult locally representative populations of parents with children who are under school age in order to identify patterns of hours that best suit parental needs and to respond to those views through local plans to reconfigure services to meet those needs. That is why the bill is so important. It is about giving parents flexibility and meeting children’s developmental needs.

The Scottish Government gives an assurance that the pre-school education grant will continue to be given for early learning. Will grants for childcare be funded in addition to the pre-school education grant?

Aileen Campbell

I am happy to meet any member who wants to raise issues about specific elements in the bill. We seek to deliver something that is meaningful for all children and young people. We are particularly interested in early years childcare issues and we want the bill to deliver on meeting the developmental needs of children in Scotland. If Neil Bibby wants to meet to discuss some of those issues, I am more than happy to talk through some of the details with him.


National Qualifications (New Materials for Teachers)



12. To ask the Scottish Government whether concerns have been expressed about the new materials that have been provided to teachers to support the new national qualifications. (S4O-02146)

The Minister for Learning, Science and Scotland’s Languages (Dr Alasdair Allan)

Education Scotland worked closely with directors of education and others to develop a strong, comprehensive package of course materials for all 95 national 4 and national 5 courses. More than 15,000 practitioners have accessed the materials to date. Thus far, the total number of teachers who have expressed any concerns over the content to Education Scotland is two.

The course materials are exemplars. The flexibility of curriculum for excellence means that there is no one set course. Teachers are free to use the materials, draw from them and adapt them for their local contexts or to develop their own courses.

Neil Findlay

At briefings with ministers and civil servants, we were assured that all teachers now had well-developed resources and materials and that they were all tooled up for teaching all phases of the curriculum. However, we have reports from teaching unions and others that in some subjects, such as maths and the sciences, teachers are complaining that what they have received is unsatisfactory. What is the Scottish Government doing to speak to teachers and the teaching unions about those concerns?

Dr Allan

The Government takes seriously the need to engage with teachers and we recognise the need for teachers to be satisfied with the materials that they have. Overall, the Educational Institute of Scotland welcomed the issuing of materials and in particular the distribution of final assessment support papers on 30 April.

The Scottish Qualifications Authority has produced sample exam papers in addition to Education Scotland’s professional focus papers. There have been 150 events around the country at which Education Scotland and other agencies have sought teachers’ views, and the Government and Education Scotland always stand ready to ensure that teachers are satisfied with the new exams.

I stress that the materials that are being provided are exemplars. One purpose of curriculum for excellence is to allow teachers the freedom to teach in the way that they believe is best fitted to achieving the aims that we all share.

George Adam (Paisley) (SNP)

Will the minister join me in welcoming the comments from former Her Majesty’s senior chief inspector Graham Donaldson? He told The Times Educational Supplement Scotland that

“We in Scotland are in a strong position internationally—Curriculum for Excellence, I’m quite clear, is the right agenda”.

Dr Allan

I certainly welcome those comments and the fact that there is international interest in curriculum for excellence and in what is happening in Scotland’s schools. I feel that curriculum for excellence is now becoming what happens in Scotland’s schools; it is no longer merely a theory, and we can all do a great deal to work together to ensure that further positive interest is taken—both nationally and internationally—in what we are doing.


All-weather Outdoor Sports Facilities (Secondary Schools)



13. To ask the Scottish Government what its position is on the provision of outdoor sports facilities with all-weather surfaces in the grounds of secondary schools. (S4O-02147)

The Minister for Learning, Science and Scotland’s Languages (Dr Alasdair Allan)

The School Premises (General Requirements and Standards) (Scotland) Regulations 1967 prescribe a minimum area of playing fields that local authorities must provide at a secondary school, which depends on the number of pupils. Although I understand the benefits that all-weather surfaces can provide, it is for local authorities to decide whether to provide all-weather surfaces as part of playing fields.

Bill Kidd

Does the minister agree that the lack of all-weather surfaces at all three local authority secondary schools in my Glasgow Anniesland constituency—Knightswood secondary, St Thomas Aquinas and Drumchapel high—although two of those schools were built under the previous Administration’s private finance initiative and public-private partnership system is an outdated scenario for our young people to be landed with? Will he suggest how the situation might be addressed to improve that scenario?

Dr Allan

Bill Kidd will appreciate that I cannot speak for the local authority, and I am unaware of the precise condition of the provision of all-weather surfaces at those schools. Having said that, the Government and sportscotland have been active nationally in those areas. Sportscotland is providing local authorities that have committed to delivering the physical education target with a share of an additional £3.4 million over 2012-13 and 2013-14 to invest in physical education more generally.

Question 14, in the name of Liam McArthur, and question 15, in the name of Joan McAlpine, have not been lodged, but explanations have been provided.


Zero-hours Contracts (16 to 24-year-olds)



16. To ask the Scottish Government how many more 16 to 24-year-olds are employed on zero-hours contracts than in 2007. (S4O-02150)

The Minister for Youth Employment (Angela Constance)

The Office for National Statistics does not publish information on the number of 16 to 24-year-olds on zero-hours contracts in Scotland. However, last week’s labour market figures show yet again that Scotland has lower unemployment and higher employment rates among our young people in comparison with the United Kingdom.

We remain resolute in our efforts to reduce youth unemployment even further, and the action that we are taking to support young people in employment is making a difference. Our investments in 25,000 modern apprenticeships a year and more than 3,000 community jobs Scotland placements to date, and a £25 million investment to support employer recruitment incentives throughout Scotland this year, are all contributing to quality job opportunities for young people.

Iain Gray

Presumably, the minister will be aware that the ONS has reported that, for the UK, the number of 16 to 24-year-olds on zero-hours contracts has doubled since the economic downturn. That increase is likely, to some degree at least, to be reflected here in Scotland. I hope that the minister agrees with me that unstable, insecure employment of that kind, especially for young people, amounts to little more than exploitation.

I understand that employment law is reserved, but I am interested not in what could be done if that were to change but in what could be done now to address the position. Will the Scottish Government use its significant power as a purchaser of goods and services to turn down bids that propose to use zero-hours contracts, as was recommended last week by the Scotland Institute?

Angela Constance

Let me reassure Mr Gray that, in all our endeavours to boost youth employment, we are seeking to create substantial and sustainable employment opportunities for young people. To give one example, 79 per cent of those who complete modern apprenticeships secure full-time employment. I take the point that has been made about zero-hours contracts. Although some people will choose to undertake zero-hours contracts because they want and need that flexibility for their life circumstances, I also accept that zero-hours contracts are part of a wider problem of underemployment in Scotland. We know that young people are hit the hardest by unemployment and underemployment.

I take exception to what Mr Gray says about employment powers. I think that it is highly pertinent to the debate what we could do if we had powers over employment law, which would also mean that our debate on the issue would be a little less theoretical.

Iain Gray

Is Ms Constance saying that the Scottish National Party’s position is that, given control over employment law, it would ban zero-hours contracts, as the Labour Party leader Mr Miliband has committed to do? [Iain Gray has corrected his contribution. See end of report.]

Angela Constance

No, what I am saying—[Interruption.] Presiding Officer, I am trying to explain exactly what I said, despite being rather rudely heckled.

What I am saying is that it would be more pertinent if this Parliament had employment law within its remit, and I have argued for that pretty much all my political life. I think that Mr Gray is being rather disingenuous. We will lay out in full what we would like to do with employment law, but I think that it is important that employment law should come within the province of this Parliament. We will not get even the choice or opportunity to shape employment law in the way that we would wish without that power. In that sense, Mr Gray’s questions are rather theoretical. Let us not put the horse before the cart but have employment law devolved to this Parliament instead of leaving it abandoned to Westminster.

I have no doubts that there are problems with zero-hours contracts and that those are part of a wider problem to do with underemployment. This Parliament and Government are also focused on doing what we can to resolve that issue using the powers that we have.

Colin Beattie (Midlothian North and Musselburgh) (SNP)

Will the minister join me in welcoming the fact that youth unemployment has fallen by 27,000 over the past year and has remained lower in Scotland than in the UK? Does she agree that there is evidence that the Scottish Government’s action on youth unemployment is having an impact?

Angela Constance

I think that our distinctive policies and approach in Scotland are having some positive outcomes. Our approach includes an unremitting focus on tackling youth unemployment, which I think is shared across Parliament and, arguably, across Scotland, given that Scottish employers are more likely to employ young people under 25 than companies elsewhere in the UK are. Policies such as our modern apprenticeship programme are leading to sustainable employment—and to full-time employment at that.

Our policies on paid internships have resulted in very good outcomes for graduates, with 70 per cent of the 800 graduates who have participated in Government-funded schemes going into employment. It is important that we get more of our graduates into graduate-level employment, because that will help to address underemployment. That is something that we are doing now with the limited powers that we have.


Supply Teachers (Recruitment Problems)



17. To ask the Scottish Government for what reasons schools continue to report problems in the recruitment of supply teachers. (S4O-02151)

The Cabinet Secretary for Education and Lifelong Learning (Michael Russell)

Local authorities have historically reported varying degrees of difficulty in engaging supply teachers. As Mr Henry knows, the degree of difficulty varies geographically across Scotland and across the range of secondary subjects and fluctuates throughout the year. The Scottish negotiating committee for teachers has undertaken three surveys over the past 18 months to establish the level of difficulty and any reasons for it. The surveys have identified a number of possible issues, which include the changes to the salary scale and the fact that teacher unemployment is lower in Scotland than it is anywhere else in the United Kingdom. The Scottish Government is working with partners through the SNCT to identify and implement solutions.

Hugh Henry

The cabinet secretary refers to historical problems, but in recent years the problem has been exacerbated by the salaries that are on offer to supply teachers. The problems exist across Scotland and are not confined to specific geographic areas. Councils and teachers know that there is a problem; indeed, teachers are refusing to work on the current salaries that are on offer. Will the Scottish Government therefore provide extra funding to councils to ensure that the present failing arrangement is scrapped and a fairer and more attractive scheme is introduced?

Michael Russell

I accept Mr Henry’s point that further progress is needed, but there is a complex series of issues. Mr Henry is aware that the payment for supply teachers was agreed as part of the tripartite agreement two years ago, which was accepted by the trade unions. All three parties to the agreement accepted those changes.

Teacher unemployment is at its lowest level for a very long time and is the lowest in these islands. Mr Henry shakes his head as if to say that that does not matter, but of course it matters because, for a long time, we have been trying to drive down teacher unemployment. We have succeeded in doing so, but sometimes that creates a problem in some areas.

A third issue is that, in the present on-going discussions, there is a discussion about supply. However, the local authorities have to prove themselves willing to come to the table along with others to ensure that the issue is solved. If Mr Henry has any influence with any local authority education leader—I believe that he does—I hope that he will influence that leader or leaders to ensure that they come to the table to be genuine in the discussions, along with the Government and the unions. We can then get a resolution of the issue. It is important that we try to make progress on the issue. There is a complex series of reasons and the situation is not the same everywhere. We are trying to ensure that solutions are found.


Oil and Gas Sector Skills (International Students)



18. To ask the Scottish Government what recent discussions it has had with universities and colleges regarding demand from international students for courses that develop skills for the oil and gas sector. (S4O-02152)

The Cabinet Secretary for Education and Lifelong Learning (Michael Russell)

The oil and gas sector is a hugely important industry for Scotland, and our universities and colleges provide world-class education and training in Scotland and internationally. We recently provided £1.7 million through our energy skills Scotland funding to support the establishment of the oil and gas academy of Scotland, which is a collaboration—initially between Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen College, the University of Aberdeen and Banff and Buchan College—to share resources and facilities to ensure that maximum provision is available to the oil and gas industry.

I am aware of the concerns that have been raised by the principals of the University of Aberdeen, Robert Gordon University and Aberdeen College about the impact of the United Kingdom Government’s student migration policy on those institutions’ ability to recruit international students to their oil and gas courses. The principals wrote to me on the matter on 30 April. I share their strong concerns and, once again, I am taking them up with the Minister of State for Immigration.

Maureen Watt

I thank the cabinet secretary for that full answer. I, too, have received that letter and have written to the immigration minister. Given the excellent global reputation of those universities and colleges in relation to the oil and gas sector, which the minister highlighted, what can be done with the UK Border Agency to change those wrong-headed rules?

Michael Russell

The short answer is that we need independence. We need to have control of our migration and immigration policy. That would ensure that we set policy that was suitable for Scotland, not policy that was set for other places.

Our universities and colleges have a global reputation, but the most important thing is that we ensure that, apart from having a reputation for excellence, they have a reputation for welcoming overseas students. The problem is that the way in which the UK Government is handling this matter means that it is becoming unwelcoming in that regard, and we are losing students as a result. All university and college principals know that. We should be working together to change that situation, and the only proper way to do so is for the Scottish Parliament to have full control of the policy.