In terms of Scotland ‘s position pre- and post-Brexit, performance by Scottish Government and its agencies and local government has been poor and leadership pressure appears to have been inadequate. [6] Delays in policing AQMAs, target delivery, establishing LEZs and the failure to drive implementation of the lower WHO set standards are disappointing and have affected outcomes. [7] The trajectory of the main pollutants whilst on a medium-term decline, slowed but was masked by COVID effects and appears to be rising in crucial cases.