Fair Isle Marine Protected Area (PE1431)
Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to today’s meeting of the Public Petitions Committee. I remind everyone to switch off any mobile phones or electronic devices because they interfere with the sound system.
Thank you. First of all, we thank the committee for giving us this opportunity to speak to you. I refer to Stewart Thomson as my neighbour, but everybody on Fair Isle is a neighbour because it is such a small island. I invited Alexander Bennett to come along as well, not only because he has responsibility for the island, which is a National Trust for Scotland property, but to stress the fact that we have had 57 years of shared stewardship and that the National Trust is 100 per cent behind the initiative.
Thank you for your presentation and for the time and trouble that you have taken to come and speak to the committee today. It is an interesting petition. You anticipated my first question, which was about the fact that there are only two diploma-status areas. I think that the other one is Beinn Eighe, if I remember correctly.
That is correct.
You made the points very well that this is not just about Fair Isle but about the whole of Scotland, and that tourism follows the awarding of the diploma.
The criteria or parameters that are applied for marine protected areas are narrow. A series of 13 or 14 categories has been selected, which are either marine species or marine habitat types. We have about 70 per cent of those. Last year, Stewart Thomson attended the workshops on the various issues, and I attended them in March this year. The categories are tackled separately, parameter by parameter or item by item. They are all based on nature conservation. As I said, we have about 70 per cent of them but, with each individual item that we have, there is always another site in Scotland that is a little bit better than us, and we are in second place. There is no joined-up thinking on this, even from the nature conservation point of view. We feel that the approach is narrow and we are concerned that we will always be overlooked because there is one place that is better than us for each individual category.
Have you done any research on the island to determine whether the diploma status makes a big difference to tourism? Have you done exit surveys with tourists to ask them why they came to visit your island?
No, but we know that it is part of the general picture. As soon as they arrive at the airstrip, there is a big notice indicating that the island is a diploma site so, when people arrive, they certainly know all about it, and we use it to promote the island. We do not have a lot of money, but we provide publicity through the websites that my wife and I have—the Fair Isle website and the Fair Isle marine website—and the diploma is highlighted there. It makes a difference, but we have never quantified it.
It is used as a marketing and promotional tool.
Yes. It is part of a range of things.
I agree with Nick Riddiford. The diploma has never been highlighted as the main reason for people coming to the island, but we always point it out to visitors. The whole island is proud of it and we would like to continue to have it.
I admit that we are talking about the socioeconomic side of things, because that is what drives the community forward. At the same time, however, Scotland should have diploma sites, irrespective of whether they draw in money or not, simply because of the prestige attached.
First of all, I apologise for being a couple of minutes late. Sometimes one has to wait quite a while for lifts in this building.
The status is renewed every five years. We have since learned that that has been extended to 10 years, but the Council is getting tougher about these things. Just before I came away for this meeting, I received an e-mail from what I believe is called the committee of specialists that indicated quite strongly that the status could be reviewed at any time. We cannot give you a timescale, other than to say that it might not happen when the status is up for renewal in five or six years’ time. It could happen earlier. We as a community keep the group informed of the process—indeed, I believe that the National Trust also submits a report every year—so it will know of the European Union’s edict that all maritime states should have a network of marine protected areas in place by the end of this year. Quite honestly, having attended the Marine Scotland workshops, I think that it will struggle to meet that deadline; indeed, the best that it is hoping for is to have a list for consideration by the end of the year. It is meeting a lot of opposition.
I was wondering whether the timescale would have a direct impact, because I noticed from our papers that the deadline for setting up the MPAs is the end of this year. It seems from what you are saying that you have slightly more time before your status is threatened, but I presume that you feel it important to keep pressure on the Government to try and achieve this particular status for you as soon as possible.
You should all visit Fair Isle, because it is a fantastic place with strong wildlife and cultural elements. I am sure that the cultural element will not die, but we are concerned about the marine environment. Perhaps Stewart Thomson, who monitors the fish situation, can say something about that.
We are noticing not only far fewer quality fish in the waters around Fair Isle but changes in various species’ breeding cycles and we do not know whether that is a result of global warming, a rise in sea temperatures, changes in food such as phytoplankton and so on. That is one of the reasons why we are putting ourselves forward as a demonstration site for research programmes.
We are offering to work with the fishermen on this; we are not saying that we want to block off the area and not allow fishermen into it. There is a lot of distress on the island. The islanders have traditionally fished; indeed, in the old days, they used to salt and dry fish and send them off to market. Although they lost that market when refrigeration came in, they still fish and are still very much a maritime society. They say things that politicians such as yourselves might never say; for example, they would call it immoral for boats to come in and catch lots of the juvenile fish that would be the commercially caught fish of the future. Fair Isle is acknowledged as a big nursery area; we hardly ever see any fishing boats but, when they come through, we have observed them dumping small fish that should have been allowed to grow to a much bigger size. You might not call that sort of activity immoral but the islanders would and the issue needs to be considered.
In the Western Isles, there was a lot of opposition from the fishing community to the proposal for the same designation, but I know that the areas are very different. What has your fishing community’s response to the proposals been?
We have tried to work with the Shetland Fishermen’s Association over many years, but there have always been stumbling blocks. Whenever we have brought the socioeconomic issues to a meeting and have invited all the stakeholders, after an hour or so we have got sidelined and it has become the RSPB against the SFA and fish against birds. We have not been able to get over that.
You took the words out of my mouth, convener. I was going to make that comparison. Our proposal has the unanimous support of every adult on Fair Isle, which is not the case in some of the other island communities that have recently been in the press. The proposal also has the support of the National Trust for Scotland, which holds the island inalienably for Scotland for ever.
I will make a quick comment about the fish stock situation—I am sure that you will get other feedback on it. We are not blaming the fishermen for taking all the fish. Huge climatic changes are going on in sea temperatures, with long-term as well as short-term fluctuations. We have a lot of data on that. Also, the salinity levels are dropping, which is affecting the zooplankton, so there is a piece missing in the food chain and that may be the straw that breaks the camel’s back. There are still juvenile fish there and nature does not like a vacuum, but the stocks are at a very low level and we need marine protected areas so that the stocks can re-establish themselves and the ecology can reposition itself, so to speak.
In essence, if the protected area goes ahead, it will be a form of ecological experiment to protect juvenile fish.
That is why we are asking for it to be a marine protected area, but we are also putting it forward as one of the second types of area under the legislation, which is a demonstration and research area. We feel that it can be a model in that regard. There is already a bird observatory there that has just been rebuilt with £3 million of public money, so you ought to ensure that that is used effectively by the resources being kept at their best.
I am interested in what you said about the University of the Highlands and Islands, in which I have a long-standing interest. In fact, last week I attended the installation of its new chancellor, Princess Anne. I know how interested the UHI is interested in the scientific aspect of what you described. I certainly think that that is something that we will pursue with the UHI.
Good afternoon, panel. You put forward a very good and convincing case, and highlighted the socioeconomic benefits that must be taken into account. I note from the timeline that you provided for your petition that you have been working on the issue for some time. You seem to have engaged with the process and ticked most of the boxes.
From the late 1990s until about 2001, we used to go at our own expense to Shetland for meetings twice a year with all the stakeholders. We came with new ideas all the time and had the support of a lot of people. However, we just went through a charade: we would have an hour when everybody was very supportive about the idea that we came with, then the Shetland Fishermen’s Association representative would say “Yeah, this is all very interesting, but I can’t see my members signing up to it.”
I have been to places where action has been taken, such as New Zealand and the south-western archipelago of Finland, where there is a big geo-park. I spoke to local fishermen after an event when waters were closed, and the answer that I got was that they benefited from the closures. They give the bottom a chance to recover from trawling and the young fish a chance to reach maturity. In New Zealand in particular, the quality of the catch went up, the number of fish went up, and of course, the price went up, all of which was beneficial to them. That is one thing for which we could be a model. We could put ourselves forward as a pilot.
As a matter of interest, how many fishing boats work out of Fair Isle? Are the boats that you mentioned larger commercial boats?
The Fair Isle whitefish stock dropped between the first and second world wars because of the trawling activities of boats from elsewhere. The only fishing that survived was lobster creels, and one small local boat is still doing that in conjunction with us. Everything is recorded so that we know what the catch rate is. The only other fishing that is done is for food for the table.
So any major fishing is being done by boats from—
By boats from elsewhere.
Perhaps you could let the committee know whether the chairman of the Shetland Fishermen’s Association gets back to you.
I was supposed to be at the next meeting of the Shetland marine spatial planning advisory group tomorrow, but I will not make it now. I have put in a report about the latest developments, which will be discussed, and I will no doubt get feedback on that.
I am familiar with the New Zealand example that Stewart Thomson cited; I remember watching a BBC documentary about it a couple of years ago. The key thing that was mentioned—you seem to be aware of it—is the fact that there needs to be a collaborative approach to these issues with the fishing industry. We had some discussion about that during a debate in Parliament the other week.
If we are on the list for consideration, I am sure that that will be taken into account. I cannot speak for the Council of Europe, but I would think that that would happen.
Have you had any indication of the Government’s thinking about Fair Isle in relation to MPAs?
When I attended the MPA workshop in Edinburgh in March, I looked at the list of places that were being considered and saw that, although I was an invited attendee, Fair Isle was not on the list. When they asked if there were any questions at the start, I put my hand up. I said that I did not see Fair Isle on the list and asked whether we were being considered. I was told no, so I wondered why I was there for two days. We had little group workshops, but during all the unofficial chatting behind the scenes, such as when we were having coffee, there was quite a lot of support for Fair Isle—not from myself, but from others who whispered in the ears of those running the conference. By the end of the conference I was invited to speak to Marine Scotland’s chairman about the issue, who told me that Fair Isle was now on the list. So, yes, things have changed.
It is good that you have made some progress.
That is only a list for consideration. It is not a list that is going to be presented to the Government.
I understand that, but it is a form of progress, nonetheless. We will consider the issue when we decide whether to take the petition further.
As no other members wish to ask questions, the committee and I thank the witnesses for giving evidence.
I agree with absolutely everything that you said and cannot think of anything to add. The idea of having the minister here is a good one, because we might then get a straight answer.
Convener, are you talking about the Scottish Fishermen’s Federation or the Shetland Fishermen’s Association?
There is probably an argument for both, but I will take your advice on whether the issue is specific or general.
I think the issue is more specific than general. Given that there have been discussions with the chairman of the Shetland Fishermen’s Association, it might be worth inviting him to the committee.
Yes, although I clarify that I was looking for written evidence from all the groups, except for Richard Lochhead. I suggest that we have him here in person.
Regarding timescales, I wonder whether it would be worth getting written evidence from everybody first, and then having the minister attend.
That is a good point. We will have a more informed meeting with Richard Lochhead once we receive all the evidence.
I thank the witnesses, and their advertising of the Fair Isle bunnet and jumpers that they are wearing. Your wife will be proud of you, Mr Riddiford.
Sadly, my jumper is too small.
I would like to expand the issue, slightly. Much is made in the petition about seabird life and the impact on seabirds in Fair Isle. Could we also ask the RSPB to give written evidence on what it assesses as the impact and the benefits of an MPA around Fair Isle? Also, when we write to the Scottish Government, could we specifically ask it whether there has been any evaluation of the criteria that are used to grant MPA status? In his oral evidence, Mr Riddiford clearly indicated that although Fair Isle met 70 per cent of the criteria that are currently set, it was always pipped at the post as the criteria are being siloed into different areas. It would be useful to find out whether the issues that Mr Riddiford raised have been taken up by the Scottish Government and when it will make the final assessment. That would pre-empt the cabinet secretary’s oral evidence, and I hope that it would forearm the cabinet secretary’s response on that issue.
Are members happy with that course of action? Do we agree to call for written evidence from all the groups I mentioned and speak to Richard Lochhead in person once we have received those submissions?
I thank our witnesses for coming along today and for the quality of their evidence. As they have heard, we are enthusiastic about the petition and will take it forward.
If you want to come along and see Fair Isle for yourselves, you will enjoy it.
I will bear that in mind for our next series of visits.
Use of Productive Land (PE1433)
Our second new petition is PE1433, by John Hancox, on productive land for landless Scots to grow their own food on.
I welcome the petition. I know Mr Hancox from his previous involvement in the Commonwealth orchard campaign and a couple of events that have been held in the Parliament to promote apple day. It is good to see Mr Hancox taking the issue forward in a petition. It is a concern that there are people who are keen to grow their own food but who do not have access to land on which to do so. There have been United Kingdom-wide campaigns to free up derelict land and other pieces of land that are not being used and to bring them into some form of fruit and vegetable production.
I agree that this is an excellent petition. It is an issue that has been rumbling away and gradually gaining momentum as we have more talk of food security, and it links in with health issues and all sorts of things. I welcome the petition—we should certainly take it forward.
I declare a slight interest as the convener of the committee that will be considering the community empowerment and renewal bill. It would be particularly interesting to hear from the Government how much of what is proposed in the petition it expects to be encompassed by the bill, to ensure that we are not duplicating work. The bill is out for consultation, so it is a live process.
That is a fair point.
I, too, welcome the petition. It is appropriate that the petition is before us this week, given that the Scottish Government launched the consultation on its proposed community empowerment and renewal bill last week.
Having dealt with allotment issues a lot during my time as a councillor, I welcome the petition. It was noticeable that demand for allotments greatly exceeded supply.
I noticed a reference in the papers to a network called sow and grow everywhere, with which I am not familiar, although the clerks may be aware of it. Perhaps we could also contact that organisation.
The Parliament has done a very good job in relation to land reform issues and, at some level, the petition deals with an element of land reform. It is a very interesting petition to take forward. Do we agree to continue the petition in light of members’ comments, and to pursue the various groups that have been mentioned?
It might also be worth seeking advice from Community Land Scotland, which may well have an interest in the petition. I thank the petitioner for a very interesting petition. We will certainly pursue it and bring it back to a future meeting.
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