For absolute unqualified rights (non-derogable rights) a supervisory body, such as a court or another state-appointed 16 In the context of art 3 and freedom from degrading and inhumane treatment, see Napier, Re Petition for Judicial Review [2004] Scot CS 100 (26 April 2004); in relation to art 4 ECHR and art 1, EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, see Opinion of Lord Armstrong in the Petition JB (AP) for Judicial Review of a Decision of the Secretary of State [2014] ScotCS CSOH_126 (14 August 2014); in relation to the precedent set down by Limbuela, R...