Table B2: Modelled tax-benefit policy changes implemented 2016/17-2023/24Reforms When first implementedReforms introduced in 2016/17 and 2017/18Income taxIntroduce savings allowance 2016/17Income taxScottish Government decision to freeze higher rate threshold2017/18Working ageIntroduce NLW for NMW workers age 25+2016/17Working ageUC to replace WTC, CTC, IS, income-related JSA, income-related ESA and HBPhased inWorking ageChange childcare support within UC from 70% to 85% of eligible costs 2016/17Working ageFreeze most working-age benefits and Child Benefit from April 2016 for four years2016/17Benefit capExemption from benefit cap for receivers of Carer's Allowance and carer’s element of UC (from Autumn 2016) - Announced Budget 2016(a)Autumn 2016Working ageUC work allowance frozen at the 2016/17 level for 2017/18 2017/18Working ageLimit family and child element of CTC and child element of UC to 2 children for new claimants2017/18Working ageCut personal allowance for ESA WRAG new claimants2017/18Working ageUC taper rate to decrease from 65% to 63%2017/18Working ageIntroduction of tax-free childcare for 2-earner families paying formal childcare costs(b)[2015/16 (Oct 15)]2017/18Reforms announced 2018/19-2020/21Working ageAbolition of Class 2 NICs2018/19HousingDownrating of social sector rents2018/19HousingCapping HB in the social rent sector2018/19Income taxIncrease personal allowance to reach £12,500p.a. 2019/20Income taxScottish Government introduction of 5-band income tax policy2018/19Working ageNLW to rise to 60% of average earnings2020/21Working ageUC to replace WTC, CTC, IS, income-related JSA, income-related ESA and HBPhased in continueNotes: (a) In Euromod this is taken into account...