Through their Climate Action and Energy portfolio, for 475,545,000 400,000,000 use by the Scottish Ministers on: operational and administrative 30 costs; investment to deliver offshore wind supply chain opportunities and maximise the economic benefits; energy transition, including industrial decarbonisation, hydrogen, carbon capture, utilisation and storage and negative emissions technologies; funding for domestic and non-domestic 35 energy-related activities; action to prevent waste, improve recycling and reuse, reduce emissions from waste, tackle litter and deliver a more circular economy; addressing biodiversity loss and delivering nature restoration; environmental protection and improvement; improving Scotland’s flood resilience; 40 domestic and international climate change activities; Scottish Natural Heritage; the Scottish Environment Protection Agency; Zero Waste Scotland; water grants, including grants to the Water Industry Commission for Scotland and grants in connection with private water supply, and funding for the 45 Drinking Water Quality Regulator for Scotland; loans to Scottish Water and Scottish Water Business Stream Holdings Limited. 48 48 11.