Both have been in force since June 2019 and had to be transposed by 1 July 2021 with measures having to be applied from 1 January 2022. • A directive on restructuring and insolvency, in force since July 2019 with staggered transposition periods ending on 17 July 2021, 17 July 2024, and 17 8 July 2026 respectively. 12.