I absolutely understand the concerns around the right type of planting happening in the right types of places. As I was able to outline, all new planting schemes that exceed 20 hectares are already subject to a screening assessment under the forestry regulations. There are strict thresholds there. We do not believe that amendment 60 as drafted would have the intended effect.

Our officials have considered the implications of what was agreed in Ireland. They have done the work in assessing the impact that a similar piece of legislation—a similar amendment to the law—had there. We need to bear in mind the consequences of making it too onerous for projects to continue. We do not want to stop tree planting, which has all the positive effects that we have just mentioned.

I have better news for Ariane Burgess, however, in relation to amendment 59. Ramsar sites are recognised as internationally important areas for wetland habitats and the water birds that they support under the Ramsar convention. It is important that we do all that we can to ensure that they are protected from damaging activity. It is the Scottish Government’s policy that listed Ramsar sites in Scotland should be treated as if they were European sites for the purposes of land-use-change decision making. I am delighted to support Ariane Burgess’s amendment 59. I hope that the committee gets behind her.

However, ahead of stage 3, we would need to revise some of the wording in the amendment, if Ariane Burgess would be happy to work with me on that. It is almost there, but it requires a couple of little tweaks. I am absolutely supportive of the intent behind the amendment—it is a good amendment in its intent—but the wording needs a little bit of looking at. I therefore ask Ariane Burgess not to move amendment 59 today, and we can work on something that she can bring back at stage 3 that we can all get behind and feel confident in. I would be very pleased if we could do that.

Turning to amendments 118 to 120, section 3 of the bill sets out the purposes for which Scottish ministers may exercise the power to make regulations under section 2(1). Those purposes are essential to ensure that our environmental assessment frameworks remain robust, aligned with obligations and adaptable to future needs. The powers in part 2 can be exercised only if the changes align with one or more of the purposes set out in section 3. However, we have heard calls from stakeholders and the committee that those purposes are viewed as too broad. Rhoda Grant’s amendments 118 and 119 would significantly narrow those purposes. Amendment 118 would remove the reference to the net zero emissions target from purpose (b) in section 3. That reference was included as an illustrative example to underline the importance of climate considerations in decision making, alongside other environmental and biodiversity considerations. Taking that reference out would weaken the clear link between environmental regulation and Scotland’s climate commitments. They have absolute parity with one another; one does not supersede the other.

Amendment 119 would go further by removing purpose (c) entirely. Purpose (c) was originally drafted to allow ministers to ensure consistency or compatibility with other relevant legal regimes. Removing it would undermine the ability to maintain alignment with international obligations and future proof our environmental assessment system—which is particularly important post-Brexit, hence the reasoning that I gave earlier.

I am of the view that Dr Allan’s amendment 120 is a targeted and proportionate response to legitimate concerns that have been expressed. It would effectively narrow the scope to the relevant EIA legislation and habitats regulations, which are pertinent, and that is why I believe that the committee should support that amendment.

For the reasons that I have set out, I would ask Rhoda Grant not to move amendments 118 and 119. Instead, I strongly urge members to support amendment 120.

Sarah Boyack’s amendments 9 and 10 would reduce the scope of part 2 of the bill by removing two purposes for which the power may be used from section 3. As I have already stated, I recognise the concerns that have been raised.

The amendments in the name of Sarah Boyack respond directly to those concerns; we have had conversation about the amendments, and I completely understand the intention behind them. However, I have also talked to Sarah Boyack about Dr Allan’s amendments, on which I have worked with him. I hope that Ms Boyack’s Labour colleagues can agree that Dr Allan has lodged amendments that also address those concerns, and we have worked with him to ensure that we can support the wording in them.

Retaining purposes (e) and (f) will maintain flexibility in how the power in section 2(1) is used. However, recognising the concerns, Dr Allan’s amendment 121 would refine the scope of purpose (f) to make it clear that it is to enable administrative changes or to alter aspects of regulatory processes, rather than to make changes to core assessment requirements or substantive environmental standards or protections.

That means that the power can be utilised for streamlining processes and for modernising any procedural or administrative aspects within the EIA and habitats regimes, such as updating the EIA regime to enable the removal of requirements to submit paper copies of applications or other documents alongside electronic versions of the same documents. Purpose (f) will not allow for changes to core assessment requirements or to substantive environmental protections.

I acknowledge that stakeholders have expressed their desire to see the removal of purpose (f) entirely, citing that purpose (a) could capture such a requirement. However, it is unlikely that we could rely on purpose (a) to simplify processes or reduce administrative burdens. I think that we all want the unnecessary red tape to be stripped away to ensure that our agencies, and those who have to apply for any kind of permissions, are not overburdened by unnecessary administration.

I therefore ask Sarah Boyack not to move amendments 9 and 10, and I urge the committee to support Dr Allan’s amendment 121.

I have not finished.

The continuity act was also mentioned as a way of keeping pace with EU law, but it provides for a narrower power that does not give us the flexibility to respond to the wider international obligations or domestic needs. I believe that we need to put something in the bill that puts those protections in place. That is why I am happy with Alasdair Allan’s amendments, which I think do that. We must recognise that some of the existing regulations do not quite hit the mark.

I will take it in a second. The wording of the definition that is provided in amendment 60 is also problematic because it would apply to native and non-native conifers. It would also apply not only in commercial contexts but to any “other purposes”. That means that the definition could apply to projects that seek to restore fragile Caledonian pinewoods. Therefore, the amendment is disproportionate and the definition too broad. There could be unintended consequences, which, as I have just outlined, was the result in Ireland.

I will start by expressing my agreement with Dr Allan’s earlier remarks and urging the committee to support his amendments, which we worked on together.

Dr Allan’s amendments 115 to 117 are designed to alleviate concerns by including an environmental protection requirement in part 2 of the bill and narrowing the scope of the purpose set out in section 3(c). His amendment 121 seeks to narrow the scope of the purpose set out in section 3(f).

I put on record—I think that I also reflected this in the evidence at stage 1—that I agree that we need to ensure that any legislation is not vulnerable to being misused by any future Government that does not have biodiversity or climate goals in its sights or that does not agree with them. I am happy to see that a lot of work has been done by various members on that. I do not agree with deleting part 2 of the bill, but I am absolutely convinced that Dr Allan’s amendments are a significant step towards having a safeguard put in place, and Scottish Environment LINK has expressed that they are a significant step forward.

I will now turn to other amendments in the group. Although I recognise the attempts that members have made to introduce non-regression clauses and agree with the intention behind that, the amendments that Dr Allan has lodged are those that I feel achieve the objectives in a way that I can stand beside.

Ms Boyack’s amendments 5 and 6, Ms Wishart’s amendment 196 and Mr Eagle’s amendment 313 all seek to introduce a non-regression provision to part 2 of the bill. They respond directly to the understandable concerns that stakeholders and the committee raised about the need for a non-regression provision. Of course, we need to decide which non-regression provision members might want to get behind and support.

The breadth of the power and the absence of safeguards in part 2 of the bill were mentioned in the stage 1 debate. We need safeguards—I hope that members recognise that I agree with everyone on that. The Government shares the ambition to uphold high environmental standards. However, a non-regression provision amendment needs to offer a clearer, more workable safeguard that supports our ambitions for both nature restoration and climate change. I do not agree that one has priority over the other—they are inextricably linked and have parity, as far as I am concerned.

As a non-regression provision would introduce legal obligation, the Government believes that any provision needs to be proportionate and a workable safeguard that strikes a balance between maintaining flexibility and ensuring accountability.

I am not entirely sure that I understand the question. I have just set out how regulation 9D does not give us the flexibility to adapt to situations that require that flexibility and fleet-of-foot reaction. I am confident that the adoption of Alasdair Allan’s amendments would allay any concerns about not having non-regression safeguards in the bill.

I set out at stage 1 many of the reasons why we could not have a static situation. For example, we could have protected areas that no longer protect the species that they were originally set up to protect, because of the effects of climate change on that species. We need to have a more fleet-of-foot response available. I also point to Emma Harper’s amendment in relation to the affirmative procedure being used for substantive amendments and changes, which is also right.

The suite of amendments from Alasdair Allan and Emma Harper should allay a lot of the difficulties that people had at stage 1.

I am aware that regulation 9D was mentioned in stage 1 of the debate and that there were calls to amend the UK Withdrawal from the European Union (Continuity) (Scotland) Act 2021. Let us consider regulation 9D. I will outline why I do not believe that it provides the safeguards that people have mentioned. It includes an obligation on the Scottish ministers to

“manage, and where necessary adapt, the UK site network ... with a view to contributing to the achievement of the management objectives”.

It has not been used in practice so far. There is an implied power to comply with that duty, despite the lack of specific legal provision in the habitats regulations. However, regulation 9D applies only to the UK site network—it does not allow ministers to amend the broader habitats regulations or the EIA regime in the way that we have set out in the policy memorandum to the bill.

If one of the amendments that puts a non-regression provision in the bill is passed, I hope that it will effectively ensure that members are happier with part 2 and that it will protect against future Governments that do not have environmental protection as a priority—

If I may, I will give an example, because this is why I think that your amendment would create a proportionate approach. We heard the example of changing the requirement for EIA reports to be electronic only, rather than on paper, for reasons of efficiency. That would be an administrative change, but I think that using the affirmative procedure for that change would be disproportionate. I do not run the committee, and the committee might believe that it is appropriate for all minor and technical changes to be subject to the affirmative procedure and, therefore, scrutiny in committee. That is entirely up to the committee. Personally, as a parliamentarian and a former convener, I would see that as taking up an awful lot of time, and the committee’s time could be better spent. It is up to the committee to decide whether it wants that.

Sarah Boyack has set out why the affirmative procedure is extremely important for the parliamentary scrutiny of anything that future ministers might want to do that entails substantive changes. That is proportionate.

Of course, if we were to have affirmative procedures for all the minor and technical things that might be put through, which do not entail particular policy or material changes, that would be disproportionate. That is why I am supportive of what Emma Harper came to discuss with me.

I will move on and talk about the other amendments.

There is a risk that that might create pressure to protect other introduced species. The key point that Rachael Hamilton is missing is that that could weaken Scotland’s invasive species management framework, when we are all aware of the impact that non-native invasive species can have on our indigenous and native wildlife. It could also complicate future decisions on species control and erode consistency in biodiversity policy, which could have a really serious effect. I believe that local management agreements are a far better and more flexible alternative to rigid statutory protection in the particular case that Rachael Hamilton raises.

Finally—as everyone will be pleased to hear—on amendments 291 to 293, Scotland already invests heavily in red squirrel conservation through the Scottish squirrel group. That programme delivers grey squirrel control, squirrel pox monitoring, habitat restoration and community engagement, and is supported by more than £1 million from the nature restoration fund. There is a risk that additional statutory reviews and awareness campaigns would duplicate that work, create unnecessary costs and divert resources away from practical action that I think we all agree is absolutely necessary.

I do not think that any of us wants to see any reduction in funding for that practical action in order to pay for bureaucratic exercises when measures are already available.

I will take Rachael Hamilton’s intervention now.