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Chamber and committees

European and External Relations Committee, 14 Mar 2006

Meeting date: Tuesday, March 14, 2006


Contents


Building a Bridge between Europe and its Citizens

The Convener:

Our second item is to take evidence from the Scottish Executive. I welcome Nikki Brown and Daniel Kleinberg, who are officials from the Europe division. They are here to talk about the Executive's project on building a bridge between Europe and its citizens.

And Westminster.

The Convener:

And the Forth and the Tay.

Members will recall that the project was launched by the First Minister and a vice-president of the European Commission, Margot Wallström, in October 2005. The committee considered the project outline at its meeting on 25 October last year, when members requested this briefing so that we could find out a bit more about the objectives and methodology, and about how it is intended that the project will contribute to the EU debate on communication. For the information of members of the public, the committee's paper from our previous meeting that sets out the context of this communication is included in committee members' briefing papers. I understand that Nikki Brown will make a short opening statement, after which the committee will ask questions.

Nikki Brown (Scottish Executive Finance and Central Services Department):

We are happy to have the chance to speak to the committee today. If it would be helpful, I will start by giving a brief outline of the project. We have also included more detail in the note that we have sent to the clerks; I understand that it was circulated to members today.

Building a bridge between Europe and its citizens is a communications project to explore how examples of best practice in Scottish consultation and legislation can help the EU to connect with its citizens. The project was launched on 13 October 2005, on the same day that the European Commission published its plan D for democracy, dialogue and debate, which invited all EU member states to organise national debates on the future of the European Union. The project is not, however, a response to plan D, but is to consider broader issues than the future of Europe. It is a contribution to the European Commission's wider objective of determining how better to communicate and engage with European citizens. The project was mentioned recently in the Commission's white paper on a European communications policy.

As we indicated in our note to the committee, the project will incorporate a number of events, including a joint event with the Scottish Parliament to celebrate Europe day. The event will be called our voice on Europe and it will be held on 7 and 8 May. It will be a youth forum event that will focus on European issues that are of concern to young people and explore how they wish to engage with those issues. Parliament's external liaison unit is making arrangements for the event.

In addition, the Scottish Executive will hold a policy forum in Brussels on 9 June, which is aimed at giving a platform to Scottish organisations that are affected by European decisions, but which normally have little opportunity to influence them. We shall explore how, and indeed whether, those organisations wish to engage with Europe and Europe-related policies, and what institutions such as the Scottish Executive and the European Commission can do to help them.

We hope that Margot Wallström, who is a vice-president of the European Commission, will be able to visit Scotland in the summer. If a visit can be arranged, ministers have it in mind to invite her to take part in an ask-Jack-and-Margot event, which would enable them to speak directly to Scottish citizens.

The ideas and concerns that will be raised in those events will be highlighted in the project report that the Executive will publish in the autumn. The intention is that that report will include a number of elements: a survey of engagement and participation in Scotland since devolution, along with studies of public understanding; case studies that will illustrate practical ways in which Scotland has sought to enable citizens to participate in European decision making; and consideration of how the Scottish Executive, the European Parliament, the Commission offices in Scotland and the Scottish Parliament work together to contribute to public awareness and understanding of the EU. It will also include an exploration of how European stories are presented in newspapers and on the radio. It will draw some conclusions about what has worked well in Scotland and what might be replicated at European level, how citizens want to engage with Europe and what they want us to do to assist them to do so.

Ministers are clear that the project is not about the promotion of any particular political view on Europe or the European constitution, but is instead aimed at helping European institutions to engage better with people.

I hope that that outline was helpful to the committee. We are happy to answer any questions.

Thank you. Before I open the meeting up to questions, will you tell me when the policy paper was put together? The committee has waited for some time since its first request for information about the project.

Daniel Kleinberg (Scottish Executive Finance and Central Services Department):

The paper brings together a number of projects that have been worked on for some time but which have not previously been publicly announced. Tom McCabe wrote to the committee with an undertaking to come back to you with information on the project.

Dennis Canavan:

I am pleased to see the emphasis on participation by young people, but I do not see any mention of the Scottish Youth Parliament. Will it be involved? The Scottish Executive briefing note mentions that a

"Youth Forum in the Scottish Parliament will bring together young people from schools across Scotland".

How will the participants be chosen? The members of the Scottish Youth Parliament have something of a democratic mandate in that they have been elected by their peers. It is important that such a youth forum be as socially inclusive as possible.

Why is the policy forum on 9 June being held in Brussels? I would have thought that there would be an advantage in having not just participants from a wide spectrum of Scottish society but people who want to come and listen to the debates. It would be far easier if the venue for the policy forum was in Scotland rather than Brussels.

I have a suggestion for what the project might involve. I agree with the four bullet points that are listed in the paper, but I suggest that there should also be an exploration of how the European Union has improved the quality of life of its citizens.

The biggest challenge that the European Union and its institutions face is that people do not understand how decisions that are taken in Brussels and elsewhere affect them. If we could show people, whether young people or not-so-young people, that their quality of life has improved because of European Union decisions on funding or whatever else, they would be more likely to connect with them.

Daniel Kleinberg:

Parliament's external liaison unit is co-ordinating the details of the our voice on Europe event and has made it clear that it intends to involve the Scottish Youth Parliament in the run up to it. Therefore, the Scottish Youth Parliament should be at the event, although your question would properly be addressed to the ELU.

The schools that will participate have already been selected. Schools from different regions in Scotland were asked to apply and the successful applicants were selected by ballot, because the event was oversubscribed. The Scottish Parliament has announced the eight successful schools—at least, the successful schools have certainly been informed. The unsuccessful ones have also been written to and will be given details of how they might engage with Europe, and of other avenues for pursuing their interests.

The idea of holding the policy forum in Brussels is to take people who are affected by European decisions, but find it difficult to engage with them or feel that they cannot have much influence on them, to Brussels as part of a process of familiarisation with the processes of the EU. We hope to work with Scotland Europa on that. There would be nothing to stop us providing some way for people back in Scotland to engage with the process through information technology. We also intend to produce and publish a report of the views of those who are involved and for that to feed into the final report. We do not want to ignore the domestic market; we want to offer a complementary approach.

I hand over to Nikki Brown to address the final point.

Nikki Brown:

I emphasise that ministers think of the project as a communications project. The emphasis is on what methods of communication work and why, rather than on the content of the communication.

Dennis Canavan:

I know, but it would be better if you had specific examples of how communication was made and what it achieved. It would make more sense to people if they could see concrete examples of how good communications can result in improvements in their quality of life.

Nikki Brown:

Indeed—the case studies are meant to pick up concrete examples. However, because the project examines how communication has happened in Scotland and what good practice—and, if we find it, not-so-good practice—can teach us from the Scottish experience, it makes sense to us to choose a number of examples from Scottish policy making, some of which will have a European angle and some of which will not.

Phil Gallie:

I identify with Dennis Canavan's comments, particularly on outcomes and quality of life.

On communication and plan D, we seem to be obsessed by the fact that people are not picking up the right messages from Europe—people in France and Holland simply did not understand. Perhaps they would understand a bit better if we could show them what real advantages there are to being part of the European Union. Instead of the woolly project subjects that you identified, perhaps it would be advantageous to study what benefits or otherwise European regulation and legislation have brought to Scotland. Perhaps you should also study the implementation of regulation to find out whether we implement it far too quickly and outstrip other countries that take more time. Perhaps there would be value in undertaking such studies.

On budgets, people in Scotland have the impression—perhaps wrongly—that the EU simply soaks up money while we see little in return, although we do see some signs to do with roads. Accurate information on budget implications and on inputs and outputs would help the public to engage with Europe.

Nikki Brown:

Clearly, the better regulation agenda is extremely important; ministers do not want to forget it completely. Ministers expect part of the communications project to be about the Lisbon agenda and economic development. Scotland's experience of implementing European policies that benefit business and economic growth has been reflected in better communications.

That is interesting, especially when we consider current levels of economic growth—although I am told that the news is a bit better this week. We will wait and see.

It is good to see Mr Gallie looking for ways to promote Europe.

I am looking for facts, not fictions.

Irene Oldfather:

Absolutely—I agree with you.

I was going to ask the witnesses about the Lisbon agenda. You mentioned that you were going to examine how better communication and engagement could help jobs and growth. Will you put a little more flesh on the bones of that idea? What projects will you consider?

Daniel Kleinberg:

Because it is a communications project, we will not be considering the overall success or otherwise of the Lisbon agenda. We will consider the issues in a Scottish context—within the framework of economic development in Scotland and the smart, successful Scotland policy—and we will examine specifically how the devolved Administration can communicate better and, in so doing, better pursue Europe-level policies and objectives. It is likely that we will look at a small business users group and at how we can go about communicating policies in a Scottish context. This may come back to Mr Canavan's point: we intend to discuss with the European Commission the things that work when communicating with people every day. We will discuss the salient points about the successes or otherwise of Europe-level policies.

Irene Oldfather:

That is important. Too often, people think that Europe is about foreign affairs. If we can make people understand the relevance of Europe to their everyday lives, it will be a step forward.

The committee has discussed the Brussels policy forum and how we can contribute to communications policies and the plan D agenda. We have grappled with how we can reach people other than the usual suspects. What are your plans in relation to the policy forum? Your initial press release mentioned contact with stakeholders, but it also mentioned engaging with citizens generally. How will you structure that? How will you engage with people who are already involved in Europe or who could be involved, and with people who are not involved in Europe at all?

Nikki Brown:

The policy forum is where we hope to engage with stakeholders. As you rightly suggest, it is not easy to catch the people who do not always show interest, and it is unlikely that the Executive will catch them directly, so we plan to ask for nominations from representative organisations such as the Scottish Council for Development and Industry, so that we can be in touch with organisations at one remove.

As for talking directly to the public, we think that that will be better tackled in the ask-Jack-and-Margot event.

Cannot you think of a better name?

Margo MacDonald will think that it refers to her.

Irene Oldfather:

We took evidence from Liz Holt on the plan D agenda, but the boundaries between the different groups are not sharp. It is all about dialogue and debate and about how we can communicate European issues better. Liz Holt was clear that Parliament and the committee have roles to play. Is there anything we can contribute to your project? Could our ideas ride piggyback on your ideas?

Nikki Brown:

Yes. The project recognises that the Scottish Parliament has a clear role to play, given that it provides so much of the consultation machinery in Scottish policy making. We will work jointly with Parliament on the youth forum event. We are also hoping that Parliament officials will contribute to the final report a chapter that will set out how consultation works in Parliament.

Daniel Kleinberg:

We have spoken to Elizabeth Watson and the committee clerks about an official-level contribution that could showcase some of the efforts that Parliament makes—as a corporate body rather than politically—to encourage participation and engagement. We hope to be able to work with them to produce a chapter on that for the report.

The committee has written to other committees to discuss how they engage with and involve citizens. I presume that we could feed in the results of that information-gathering exercise.

Nikki Brown:

That would be extremely helpful.

The Convener:

It is interesting that your paper mentions many of the things that the committee discussed when we thought that we would respond to plan D. You will have seen from the Official Report of our previous meeting that we now realise that we will be responding to the communication strategy, so there will be no duplication of work. We are pleased that the Executive took on board all our suggestions.

I welcome to the committee Richard Lochhead, who has asked to contribute.

Thank you very much. I apologise for my being late. I found out only a short time ago that my services as a substitute were required.

I am sorry—I welcome Richard Lochhead, who is substituting for Margaret Ewing.

Richard Lochhead:

I would have enjoyed the first agenda item, had I got here in time, but the committee seems to be making good progress.

On the subject of building bridges between the citizens of Europe and Scotland, I suspect that the reason why so many Scots feel disengaged is that they feel that they cannot influence decisions that are made in Europe, and that they need to be empowered. Given that the European Union does not have officially to consult Parliament on European legislation that affects Scotland—it happens only as a result of good will—there is a debate to be had about how Parliament has itself engaged on behalf of the people of Scotland.

Given that, at the most recent European elections, in some new member states there was only a 17 per cent turnout and that in Scotland the turnout was also derisory, there is a lot of work to be done. My concern is that a lot of the work to which the paper refers, which has taken place previously, is with the same old people in the same old settings in Scotland. We have somehow to move the debate away from the chattering classes—there is a community in Scotland that takes a close interest in these issues and turns up to all the conferences, policy forums and this committee.

The big challenge that Parliament and the EU face is in reaching out to and engaging ordinary Scots, but I am not sure that I can see anything in the paper that would do that. It mentions policy forums and events that will be held in Brussels that people can access through the website. A few score people throughout Scotland might do that, but five million Scots will be largely unaffected.

What is being done to canvass the views of ordinary Scots on Europe, so that we can find out what the man and woman in the street think of, and want to see done in relation to, EU membership? There are many benefits of EU membership of which people might be unaware, but there are other things that people do not see as benefits.

Nikki Brown:

Today we are talking specifically about the communications project, which aims to draw out good practice of consultation from policies that have previously been implemented in Scotland. There is broad recognition in Brussels that innovative methods have been used for consulting on domestic policies, such as the anti-smoking legislation and antisocial behaviour orders. Through the project, we are aiming to draw out lessons from those consultation exercises, which have engaged with ordinary Scots.

Dennis Canavan:

Yes, but the briefing note from the Executive states that 53,000 people responded to the Scottish Executive's consultation on smoking in public places. I presume that there was such a large response because the Scottish Executive produced a consultation document, put it on the website and so on and people could send in their comments by post, e-mail and the like. Will a similar mass communication exercise be conducted as part of this project?

Daniel Kleinberg:

No. We have previously run consultation exercises in which we have sought people's views on Europe. The Eurobarometer surveys show the results of some research. A lot of work has been done to poll Scots on their views on Europe, but such an exercise is not envisaged as part of this project, which will focus on communications. However, there will be public events at which young people, for example, can air their views.

Dennis Canavan:

You will not get anything like 53,000 responses, which the anti-smoking legislation attracted because people were strongly pro or anti that legislation. However, although some people feel strongly anti-Europe and others feel strongly pro-Europe, for a huge mass of people there is a big question mark over the European Union and they are not enthusiastic one way or the other. Those people must be encouraged to express a view and to engage in the debate.

Daniel Kleinberg:

One part of the project that will begin to address those questions—although those are obviously bigger, Europe-wide issues—is the policy forum. It will attempt to canvass the views of people who are affected by the EU's decisions but who are not necessarily engaged with the policy process. They will be asked about how European institutions could, perhaps alongside devolved Administrations, at least communicate more effectively what is going on and try to involve people. However, by definition harder-to-reach people are harder to reach.

Ms Brown put great emphasis on the mechanics of engagement. I draw from that the inference that the Scottish Executive thinks that, by and large, the traditional means of engagement with the public are in some way deficient.

Nikki Brown:

The experience in Scotland in the early years of the Scottish Executive and the Scottish Parliament has been that it is possible to use a wide range of methods of engagement. Some of those are traditional methods, but others are not. The point of the project is to consider the methods that have been used and to establish what has worked in what circumstances.

Mr Gordon:

What are your criteria for determining whether one method of engagement is more successful than another? The briefing note refers to the fact that 53,000 people responded to the anti-smoking legislation consultation. Is the criterion numerical? Is it the case that because more people respond to an exercise it is judged to be better engagement than if fewer people had responded?

Nikki Brown:

The measure of success will depend on the policy—it will depend on whether it was a policy of broad or specific interest. If it is a policy of specific interest, the measure of success might be what changes were made to the policy as a result of points that came from particular quarters.

Mr Gordon:

I do not want to single out the consultation on the smoking ban, but if a consultation attracts 53,000 responses but there are only half a dozen important issues in the responses, it might well be that there is a lot of repetition. Thousands of people might sign petitions and make the same point over and over again. Is that a more significant form of engagement than when there are only 100 responses but they are of exceptional quality?

Daniel Kleinberg:

Not necessarily. We want to consider a range of different ways of trying to get people involved and engaging with them. We will consider case studies that involve public meetings, focus groups, citizens juries or citizens panels, stakeholder workshops, web responses and written responses. We do not intend to say that 53,000 responses is good and that 100 responses is bad: we want to know what examples—depending on the policy—of how to get people involved and engaged the Commission or other European institutions might look to Scotland to provide.

Mr Gordon:

That is interesting. Indeed, you seemed almost to imply that the Scottish form of engagement—or the more recent innovations in different types of engagement in Scotland—is somehow more valid than or superior to what is done elsewhere and that the rest of the European Union can therefore draw lessons from what is happening in Scotland. However, the project is still a work in progress. It involves a number of events that may or may not be successful. If some of the events are not very successful in terms of engagement, will the Executive tell the European Union about them, too?

Nikki Brown:

If some of the events are not successful, we can look at why that was the case and see what lessons can be drawn.

Mr Gordon:

The underlying assumption seems to be that there is a holy grail of how to do public engagement and that, here in 21st century Scotland, we have nearly attained it. Dennis Canavan hinted at this. We know that 53,000 people were fiercely interested in the debate on the ban on smoking in public places but, when it comes to the future of the European Union, many ordinary people find the issues too abstract. That might have nothing to do with the validity of the mechanics of the engagement.

The private sector always seems to default to what may be called the more scientific forms of engagement, such as market research and opinion polls. However, we have to think about civic Scotland out there—the community councils and other bodies that we are required to consult. I worry that your political masters might be inculcating in you the working assumption that the way in which we have consulted in the past is flawed and that there is a new way that we must use—a holy grail of how to do public engagement.

Daniel Kleinberg:

Ministers have said that the fact that the European Commission has identified Scotland as an area of interest is not a sign that we have all the answers or that what we are doing across the piece is somehow more successful in league-table or any other terms. They have not used that sort of language. The intention is to find the areas where we see best practice and use it to help the European institutions to work with the devolved Administrations in future. The intention is to provide a toolkit and not a league table.

But will best practice be measured by the numbers involved?

Daniel Kleinberg:

No, not necessarily. You gave the example of 53,000 people participating in the consultation on the ban on smoking in public places, but there are many other ways of looking at whether a consultation was successful. The intention is to take a range of different approaches and say what worked and what did not.

Thank you. Before I draw the session to an end, I have some concerns to raise. We keep talking about the launch of the project by Margot Wallström and Jack McConnell and about the ask-Jack-and-Margot event and all the rest of it.

How about the waffle breakfast?

The Convener:

Oh, Phil.

It seems that the Executive considers that the project and the things that it wants to do should have a high profile. However, the project was launched five months ago and we are nearly halfway through the time period on which you are supposed to report, yet the paper that we have before us contains only ideas of what will be done; it contains no background methodology on how it will be done. Members also raised that concern.

What is the timetable for the project? When will it finish? Has it started? Is the work under way to make all those things happen? Given that we are almost at the halfway point, what progress has been made to date? What is the budget? If the project is as high profile as the Executive is putting across, surely the budget should reflect that.

Daniel Kleinberg:

I will start with the timescales. Work is under way. We have been working with analytical colleagues in the Executive to look across the piece at theories of engagement and civic participation. We are doing that as part of planning the events that will inform the final report. The work on building a bridge will conclude when the report is produced in the autumn—probably around October.

I will hand over to Nikki Brown to answer the questions on the budget.

Nikki Brown:

The Executive is currently running its budgeting exercise for the coming financial year. Colleagues are aware of the importance of the project and of the sort of scale of money that is needed to deliver the outcomes that we are looking for.

The Convener:

You said that the Executive would work jointly with the Parliament, which does a lot of work on Europe. The our voice on Europe event is the kind of event that the Parliament runs around Europe day. Will the Executive rather than the Parliament fund the our voice on Europe event, given that the Executive is taking credit for it as part of the building a bridge project?

Daniel Kleinberg:

We are funding the event jointly with the Scottish Parliament, on an equal basis. There will be matched funding.

I thought that matched funding had stopped.

Mr Wallace:

I want to pursue the question about the budget because, with respect, I do not think that the officials answered it. Given that the project was launched six months ago and a series of events is planned, an indicative, ball-park figure must have been calculated. It would be interesting for us to know what that figure is. The officials must be able to tell us whether Margot and Jack are going to hire Murrayfield or a village hall in Auchtermuchty.

Daniel Kleinberg:

The ask-Jack-and-Margot event will build on the events around the country in which the First Minister already participates.

That event was just one example. You are planning events, so you must have a rough idea of your budget.

Will people who attend the policy forum have to pay for their accommodation and travel, or will the Executive provide funding to cover such expenses?

Nikki Brown:

We are looking at the possibility of offering support in cases in which support is needed to allow people to attend.

Irene Oldfather:

When will you be able to tell us what your budget is? The voluntary sector could make an important contribution to the policy forum but I suspect that the sector does not have the money to send five people to Brussels. If the event is to take place on 9 June, people need to know soon how they can get involved and what financial support they can expect to receive.

Nikki Brown:

We acknowledge the importance of financial support. We will be happy to give the committee details of the budget, when the budget has been set.

Will the budget be set in time to be able to use it?

Nikki Brown:

Yes.

The Convener:

That concludes our questions. I thank Nikki Brown and Daniel Kleinberg for their time. I remind members that at the meeting on 28 February the committee agreed to respond to the European Commission's white paper on a communications policy—the theme is broadly similar to the theme of the building a bridge project. We will consider a draft response in June.

Phil Gallie:

The European Council called for "a period of reflection" and plan D is supposed to address the problems that have arisen because the Dutch and the French rejected the proposed constitution for Europe. People are kidding themselves if they think that communication is the answer—that is kidology. We have lost sight of the real problem, which is that the people of Europe appear to be disaffected with Europe. How do we get to the bottom of that? The issue is results, not communication.

I refer members to the recommendation in paragraph 22 of the briefing paper and I suggest that the committee produce a report for the Commission. Our report should be based on the report that Ian Duncan produced. Ian Duncan is an employee of the Parliament. He went to the conference on plan D and his report revealed the farce that is going on in that regard. We should have the guts to comment on that. What was the point of sending Ian Duncan to a conference if we are going to ignore his report? We have a chance to point out the problems that Europe faces.

The Deputy Convener (Irene Oldfather):

While the convener is out of the room, I will respond and then let other members in if they wish to speak. I understand Mr Gallie's point, but my understanding of my discussion with Mr Duncan was that he felt that not enough time was assigned to the event in Brussels but that it was part of a process and was not a one-off. Further events and discussions are planned. I think that we should listen to all that, after which I would be happy for the committee, if members are agreeable, to send a report to the Commission. However, I do not think that we should send a report based on one afternoon event at which an officer felt there was insufficient time in which to discuss the issues.

Phil Gallie:

That is my point. The whole thing was a farce. That was a key conference, but what happened was that three working-party groups were set up and given half an hour each to discuss the key issues. Four hundred representatives from across Europe attended at God knows what cost, but they had a debate of only one and a half hours. It was a major conference, which was associated with the assessment of plan D, but it started from the baseline that the French and the Dutch were totally wrong and just did not understand Europe. The arguments went on from there. The whole thing is a shambles and a farce. I think that we should have the guts to stand up and say that that is the committee's opinion.

The Deputy Convener:

That is not my opinion, I must say. You will recall that I suggested at the beginning of discussions on this matter that we produce a wide-ranging paper. As there was not full support in the committee for doing that, we decided to go down the lines of the communications strategy.

From a more general perspective, plan D is much wider than the one-day conference. To update Mr Gallie, the Committee of the Regions, the European Parliament and the Commission are all considering how we take the project forward and consult and engage with citizens.

Alasdair Rankin, the clerk, suggests that if members have complaints about the conference, they would be of more relevance to the conference organisers who arranged the timescale.

Did the Commission organise it?

I think that it was the Committee of the Regions.

It was and I accept the responsibility for making the suggestion that was attributed to the clerk.

I would be happy if the committee could write and report our—

Irene Oldfather:

The alternative is that we have something like a three-day conference, but people would find it difficult to attend that. Realistically, it is difficult to know how to organise these things. Either one tries to do it in a day or a day and a half, or one does it over three days, but it is difficult to get people to commit for that length of time. It is not all about being in one place at one time. I think that there are other opportunities, such as using the internet and sending reports to the Commission. Not everything has to be done in an afternoon in Brussels.

Phil Gallie:

I can imagine 5 million people in Scotland all looking at the internet and making their comments. What we are about is identifying with people in Scotland rather than identifying with the people who are involved in the Committee of the Regions and that kind of thing.

On the communications programme, Jim Wallace picked up a point regarding the budget. We are halfway through the communications exercise and there is no budget.

The Convener:

I want to draw this to a close because that is to do with the Executive's building a bridge project; the meeting in Brussels was about plan D. What we are responding to is the communications white paper. I bring this spat to a close now. I am not going out to the toilet again, if this is what is going to happen.

It would not be a European and External Relations Committee meeting if Phil Gallie and I did not get a chance to have a little debate on the merits or otherwise of Europe.