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Chamber and committees

Education, Lifelong Learning and Culture Committee

Meeting date: Wednesday, March 9, 2011


Contents


Autism Strategy

The Convener

I reconvene the meeting. We move to the eighth agenda item, which is to hear an update on the Scottish Government’s autism strategy. As members will recall, this was a recommendation in the committee’s stage 1 report on the Autism (Scotland) Bill. Members will also recall the Scottish Government’s consultation on its draft autism strategy, which was concluded just prior to Christmas.

I am pleased to welcome Shona Robison, the Minister for Public Health and Sport, to the committee. Ms Robison is joined by Jean MacLellan and Jonathan Moore from the Scottish Government. Minister, would you like to make a short opening statement?

Shona Robison (Minister for Public Health and Sport)

Thank you, convener, for the invitation to come before the committee again to update members on the progress that has been made on the recommendations of the draft autism strategy. I made a commitment to the committee and Parliament to provide regular updates and I am happy to do so. I am aware that this is the committee’s final meeting before dissolution, so I am grateful for the short window of opportunity to update you on progress since we last met on 17 November.

There is quite a lot to report, despite the brief period of time that has elapsed. I will focus briefly on some of the key achievements. It is worth saying that I am aware, as I am sure members are, of the huge weight of service users’ expectations for us to deliver the recommendations of the strategy and to improve access to service provision for people with autism. In response to that, the autistic spectrum disorder reference group now meets monthly to ensure that momentum is driving forward the recommendations.

We are creating four sub-groups of the main reference group, each of which will focus on an individual theme of the strategy. The committee was particularly concerned about the provision of adult services, so I am pleased to say that one of the sub-groups will focus on adult provision. We are also in the middle of securing the services of Dr Andrew Stanfield, an adult psychiatrist who specialises in autism. Part of what the sub-group will do is promote the benefits of self-directed support, which is increasingly being shown to lead to good outcomes for those who are on the spectrum. The other sub-groups will focus on transitions; diagnosis, assessment and intervention; and training. Remits for each sub-group have been drafted and are being finalised.

I have allocated £250,000 in the current financial year to allow us to better understand and tackle existing waiting lists for diagnosis and assessment.

The committee asked that the current membership of the ASD reference group be further extended to strengthen user and carer participation, and that point is being addressed. I have asked members of the reference group to identify user representatives from the east and west who will join the group, and we are making steady progress in identifying those new members. So far, three individuals from across Scotland have expressed an interest, and I hope that they will be in a position to attend the next meeting of the reference group. It is fair to say that not all users want to take on representative roles, but their voices still need to be heard. We are, for example, exploring the possibility of an autism group in the west of Scotland feeding in its ideas regularly without necessarily having to attend meetings of the full reference group.

The ASD reference group will also hold an annual meeting and invite stakeholders to attend to hear at first hand what progress has been made.

I should put on the record how much I continue to value the contribution that the reference group is making through its already diverse membership. Many individuals give freely of their time and talents in addition to their demanding day jobs. The progress that has been made to date could not have been achieved without that commitment.

I just want to touch on finance, if I may. I mentioned the £250,000 that has been allocated to support the research into ASD diagnosis and waiting lists. At the previous committee meeting, I was unable to let members know what resource had been allocated to support the on-going work to develop the strategy, as the Budget (Scotland) (No 5) Bill was still being scrutinised at that point. I am now pleased to inform the committee that I have allocated £2.6 million to be invested in 2011-12 to support the work to implement the recommendations to create better access to improved services for people with autism and their families. Subject to the next spending review, we intend to provide £3.6 million in subsequent years to support that strategy. That is, in essence, an investment of £10 million over three years.

That was just a short summary of the main progress that has been made so far. I hope that you agree that quite a lot has been done; nevertheless, a lot more still needs to be done. Much of what I have described is about putting the foundations in place to build on what we have achieved—services that meet the needs of users and which are sustainable and easy to access. I am happy to take questions.

The Convener

Thank you, minister. Can you provide a little bit more detail about the reference group and engagement with key stakeholders, which you touched on in your opening statement? When we were considering the Autism (Scotland) Bill, the committee heard from stakeholders that there was sometimes a feeling of alienation and that they were not involved in the process. How have you worked to overcome that and create a shared agenda so that everybody is confident that we are all working together at every level to address the issues that people with autism face?

Shona Robison

I will ask Jean MacLellan to say a bit more about the detail of that.

It is difficult, especially in trying to get a users’ perspective, to ensure that people are heard on a representative basis. People often speak as individuals from an individual perspective, and there is nothing wrong with that, but trying to balance that and get a geographical spread has been quite challenging. That is why we have come to the conclusion that, if the autism group in the west of Scotland wants to have a discussion about key issues and feed that into the reference group, that is fine. We should not push for it to attend the meetings if it does not want to and would rather have those discussions within itself. We are trying to be flexible enough to ensure that all views are fed in without forcing people who are reluctant to attend the reference group to do so.

The idea of holding an open annual meeting is to hear directly from anyone in Scotland who wants to come and reflect on how things are going at that moment. I hope that they will be able to talk about the implementation of the strategy and give their views on the success or otherwise of that from wherever in Scotland they come. We are trying to open that up as an opportunity for anybody to come to us.

Jean MacLellan has been more closely involved with the reference group, in attending the meetings and trying to negotiate around the attendance.

Jean MacLellan (Scottish Government Directorate for Health and Social Care Integration)

I have only two or three things to add. While the strategy was being consulted on, there were a number of consultation events throughout the country, which were an attempt to go out and hear at first hand what people wanted to say. I attended one consultation event at the University of Strathclyde at which about 50 users of services and carers came to give their perspectives. It was largely on the basis of that experience that the idea evolved of having an annual, very open meeting. It need not be just one meeting—we may replicate it in different parts of the country. However, at least on an annual basis, users and carers will feel that they can hold the reference group to account for the progress that is being made.

When the remits of the sub-groups are finalised, the intention is to offer places to users and carers on each one. We have not yet got to the stage of communicating that, but it is an aspiration that we have for precisely the reason to which you have alluded. We want to ensure that the message continues to go out that it is very much a sharing exercise and that there is an open door.

11:00

The Convener

That is helpful to know, because that work is important. It is always positive to have opportunities for service users and their carers to engage. I sometimes get a sense that some people in the community feel excluded from the decision making. The issue is how we can be confident that they feel not only that they will be listened to annually at events, but that they are part of the decision-making process. In that regard, I know that the Cabinet Secretary for Health and Wellbeing and a community representative jointly chair one of the reference groups on mental health. Could we do something around the reference group that would mean not only that we would listen to people, but that they would have a key role as decision makers as well?

Shona Robison

Yes. We can certainly consider that. I chair the learning disability group twice a year, so we could consider your suggestion in that context. In addition, Jean MacLellan could take the idea back to the reference group and ask whether it would find it helpful.

Thank you. I invite questions from members.

Kenneth Gibson

How are you addressing the inconsistency in service provision, minister? When we took evidence on Hugh O’Donnell’s proposed bill on autism, we heard that there is much greater awareness of autism in certain areas of the country and that service provision is better there than in other areas. Clearly, some families who have autistic members are concerned about why they do not get the same service provision as places only a few miles away.

Shona Robison

That is an important point. We secured a commitment through the Convention of Scottish Local Authorities for guidance to try to address such inconsistency. We need to work at the issue of service provision. Some areas have very good practice, so we must try to capture that and apply it elsewhere.

Another clear issue is the fact that we do not have national standards for service delivery for adults with autism. Obviously, we are talking about the national health service side of things here. We gave a commitment to address that through a set of national standards. We therefore have that mechanism to address issues around the NHS and we have started to tackle the waiting lists through investment in NHS Lothian. On the local government side, the guidance will be extremely helpful.

I suspect that, as we continue to monitor and scrutinise the roll-out of the strategy, this committee and, indeed, some of the stakeholder events will want to look closely at those elements to see what impact they have had on the strategy. The success of the strategy will be in dealing with the inconsistency and driving up standards that are not as good as they should be.

Kenneth Gibson

There is a concern not only about the provision of adult services—although that concern was expressed strongly—but about the transition between childhood and adult services. That is a stressful time, particularly for parents, who need a lot more reassurance that their children will not find themselves in at the deep end during the transition feeling that they have been abandoned.

Shona Robison

That is an important point. One of the reference group’s sub-groups is focusing specifically on transitions. That issue is often raised with me. Parents may feel secure about the provision for their child, and knowing what they have means that they can plan the family’s week around that. Come the end of that provision, at age 18 or sometimes 19, the situation is suddenly different, and they are looking to adult services to make provision and they are having to negotiate, which can be very difficult. The work of the sub-group will therefore be extremely important. It is particularly important to start the process early enough. Conversations on getting a plan in place should happen long before the child finishes school, whether or not the support will be self-directed.

As I said the last time that I was before the committee, self-directed support packages could offer a really good solution for adults with autism, and in particular school leavers during the transition period, because they can be tailor-made around their needs. The early indications from the work that we have been doing on self-directed support are that adults with autism—particularly young adults—are the group who are benefiting most from self-directed support packages. If we can tie all that together, there is an opportunity to resolve the transition issue once and for all.

Christina McKelvie

My colleague Kenny Gibson pre-empted some of my questions on transition. An issue that comes up in our postbags is the transition from primary school to secondary school and from secondary school into adult services.

Recommendation 26 in the draft strategy proposes the development of good practice transition guidance, but there is still a wee bit of concern that if such guidance is produced, it might not be effective if organisations do not comply with it. Is the sub-group working on ways to ensure that the guidance is complied with, so that people get what they need in the transition period?

Shona Robison

The sub-group that is looking at transition will be very much involved in the good practice transition guidance, but what else we put in place around that will also make a significant difference. That is where self-directed support through the strategy and through legislation will open a new door for young adults with autism. Self-directed support will not be for everyone, and we have to acknowledge that it will not be everyone’s choice, but it is a choice that has not been available previously and it may well be a very good choice for school leavers with autism.

Jean, do you want to say anything about transition guidance?

Jean MacLellan

The work is at a very early stage. The sub-group is currently refining its remit and the actions that it will undertake. Obviously, the sub-group will devise the guidance, which will be subject to public consultation and will also have to go back through the main reference group, which, as the committee has heard, is diverse. It includes the Association of Directors of Social Work and the Association of Directors of Education in Scotland, both of which are new members that will strengthen the sub-group, and COSLA. The key partners are therefore involved, which will help to ensure that the guidance is effective at local level.

Christina McKelvie

One issue that came up was the training of professionals in diagnosis. We heard stories about people being misdiagnosed. Given the additional support for learning legislation and some of the measures that have been put in place for children, I hope that we will get to a stage at which children with autism are identified early on in their education career, but what about adults who have been misdiagnosed or maybe sent down the mental health route? Is the reference group or a sub-group specifically working on the training of professionals?

Shona Robison

A sub-group is specifically looking at training, because it is an important issue, although one challenge is that diagnosis is not an exact science. We hope that the development of national standards and the work that is being done as a result of the £250,000 investment in NHS Lothian will begin to tackle some of the issues around diagnosis. Jean, do you want to add anything?

Jean MacLellan

The waiting list work has been given to NHS Lothian because it has particular expertise in the area. The person who will lead that work is Dr Iain McClure, who is a consultant psychiatrist in child and adolescent psychiatry. He will be supported by Andy Stanfield, who works in the area of adults with autism and is about to join the main reference group to strengthen it.

The work will involve examining the patterns of referral for diagnosis to children’s and adult services to get a better understanding of, among other things, what types of referrals are made and when there are false positives prior to formal diagnosis, including when comorbid conditions are involved. The aim is to ensure that people are routed to the best support possible.

I want to ask about the timescales that are associated with the strategy. Are you satisfied that you have a series of outcomes that are clear enough to measure against?

Shona Robison

I think that we have. I hope that my comments on what we have done in the space of a couple of months since the last time I was here to discuss the issue have given a sense of the pace at which we expect work to be done. The reference group is meeting monthly because of the high expectations on it, us and everyone to make a big difference through the strategy. Some things will take a bit longer to achieve than others, but the pace is good and the work on the sub-groups will continue at that pace and will begin to come up with the good outcomes that we expect. Given the financial climate and the not insignificant resource that is required to support some of the work, we want the pace to continue. Obviously, we will drive the process from the centre with the expectation that things will begin to be delivered fairly quickly.

Margaret Smith

I want to pick up on the point about the not insignificant resource that is required and the financially straitened times. One concern that we had about the Autism (Scotland) Bill was that there were no resources behind it. No matter how good a strategy or piece of legislation is, if it does not have finances behind it, it might not do what is needed or deliver what is expected of it. Will you talk us through the £2.6 million that you mentioned? Is that new or redirected funding? What will it be directed at? How will that £2.6 million break down in relation to the elements of the strategy that you have talked about?

Shona Robison

We have talked about the sub-groups and the priorities. The resource will be directed towards those priorities, which are transitions in support for adults, training and better diagnosis. Jean MacLellan can give a more specific breakdown, although I am not sure that we have a breakdown that shows how many pounds will go to certain measures. In essence, we expect the resource to back up the work that needs to be done on the key priorities. The fact that we have already provided £0.25 million to kick-start the important piece of work in NHS Lothian on diagnosis and tackling waiting lists shows that those are issues on which we really need to make progress.

The resource will oil the wheels of change, but we should not see it in isolation because, in addition, there are resources for self-directed support and for short breaks for carers. We have to see the issue in the round. The £2.6 million is not the only resource that will impact on the lives of adults and children with autism and their families—other resources are available. However, we need to ensure that the support is joined up. If we are to make people’s lives better, we need to join those dots explicitly in a package of support.

I ask Jean MacLellan to confirm my point that there has not been an explicit breakdown of the £2.6 million or of the further resources—the £3.6 million a year—that shows how much will go on training and other measures. I believe that there is an element of flexibility.

11:15

Jean MacLellan

There is. Given the point about the importance of ensuring user and carer involvement, there is a danger of being premature if we respond quickly and say that X amount is going to certain initiatives. We need to strike a balance. We must allow time for the sub-groups to define the remits, for those to go back to the main group and for there to be to and fro on the absolute priorities and timeframes. That will be translated into an action plan, which the committee has asked for. We are not quite at the action plan stage, although we have a shell of what it might look like.

The training need, for example, is vast and wide. The issue goes from awareness raising for classroom assistants right through to the specialist expertise that is required of psychiatrists. The previous strategy had a lot of input at that specialist end, which we need to refresh, so quite a bit of money will probably need to go there. However, that is speculative. The issue is open and the exchange has begun on the actual allocation.

Margaret Smith

This is less of a question and more of a comment. When we had the more informal session with people from Glasgow, I was struck by the fact that some of the ideas from people who are on the spectrum about what could make a big practical difference to their lives were less about money and more about thinking through how to assist people. For example, there was a scheme involving Strathclyde Police. I appreciate that the issues will not be solved just because we have a parcel of money. The point is well made that we must ensure that the users and carers are listened to, because some of the solutions will come from them.

Shona Robison

I agree. Some of the changes might be about spending money differently. Self-directed support is a good example of that, as it is about unlocking resources that are tied up in other things, such as day-centre activity. Some adults with autism might be happy with that, but others, particularly young adults, might want something different. Self-directed support is about unlocking resources to give people more choice about how they spend their day. Part of the resource is about oiling the wheels of that change and supporting people through the transition from one type of service to another. I take on board the point that some things that we can do will not cost money and that we should just get on and do them.

The Convener

We all want greater take-up of self-directed support but, as an MSP who sometimes has service users contact me to ask for assistance, I am struck by the fact that, particularly for autistic young adults who are at the more severe end of the spectrum, self-directed support is not necessarily about the person taking decisions, but their parents or carers. How do we ensure that those parents and carers have the confidence to do that, especially when they are struggling to look after a young adult with severe autism, with all the challenges that that brings? Self-directed support is just one more thing for them to manage. They can see the benefits in the longer run, but the issue is whether they can cope with that one extra thing to do. Are you considering that?

Shona Robison

That is a strong point. One benefit of self-directed support is that it gets away from the idea that people can only have either a council service or a direct payment. Actually, there is a lot between those two options. For example, someone can have an identified budget so that they know what resources are allocated to them by the local authority and, potentially, the health service. The approach is about having more control over how that money is spent, rather than having responsibility for the whole direct payment. That is a good option for some people, but it might not be the preferred option for others.

We want to give people more choice and control without putting them in a position that they do not feel ready for. They may need support to help them to articulate their increased say over the way in which the local authority budget that is allocated to their family is spent.

Test sites have been useful in identifying some of the gaps. SPAEN is an organisation that has been supporting people in negotiating on some of these issues.

Jean MacLellan

SPAEN is the Scottish Personal Assistant Employers Network. Some people who want to go down the route of self-directed support tend to be quite tentative to begin with. As they become more confident in knowing the procedures that have to be followed they move towards employing their own personal assistants. They need to be assured, for example, that good recruitment practice and good training are in place. As you suggest, convener, that can be quite daunting for families. SPAEN specifically provides all that kind of support—it is very direct and very hands-on. The organisation helps people through. General support organisations also exist, but SPAEN helps with the personal assistant component in particular.

Ken Macintosh

I welcome the work that has been going on, especially in relation to the reformed reference group, the expanded membership, the open annual meeting and so on. All of that is very welcome.

During our consideration of the member’s bill, we heard evidence of the underidentification of adults with autism. Many such people will not be service users, and will not become service users; however, they will have needs and they will encounter difficulties with public authorities in one form or another—often criminal justice authorities. It is not one of the recommendations, but will part of the strategy address underidentification?

Shona Robison

That will happen through the efforts put into training to national standards. That all relates to better diagnosis and to trying to get things right from the start. Many adults with autism are already in the system but will not have been identified. On a previous occasion, we considered how we could have better procedures and better training. There is obviously an opportunity when the NHS takes over from the criminal justice system—in the health service within prisons, for example. At that point, we might be able to discuss the better identification of adults with autism. When those adults leave prison, we would then be able to ensure that a more appropriate package of support was available for them. We have to take the opportunities that will arise through changes.

Ken Macintosh

There is a problem with underdiagnois, but many adults will have been diagnosed as children and then disappeared off the system. If we simply rely on social care and social work improvement Scotland, or on the health service or the criminal justice system, it will almost, but not quite, be crisis management. It is only when things go wrong that we will encounter people.

To work out whether or not our autism strategy is working, we need to know how many people are involved and we need to be more proactive in identifying them and seeking information from them before things go wrong. Could that be part of the strategy, or something to be discussed by the reference group?

Shona Robison

In terms of the criminal justice service, there is an opportunity to do that proactively within the prison population. There is an opportunity there. Jean MacLellan has reminded me of the census question. That might give us better population-based analysis. Obviously, the census is self-reporting, which brings its own challenges. Nevertheless, it will be interesting to see what it tells us. We can compare the returns with what we thought we knew. Obviously, we will want to have a very close look at that.

You make a reasonable point. Part of the training for health professionals could be done in the same way as happens for general practitioners who look out for carers—they undertake carer identification in a proactive way. Perhaps we need to get our front-line health professionals to think in a similar way about adults with autism. As you say, those adults may or may not have had a formal diagnosis, but a health professional who has a suspicion that someone is on the spectrum may decide that that person requires support. It is then about adequate signposting. What we all want is more of the services and outcomes that the person needs, whether or not they have a diagnosis. We need to get that bit better so that someone has a better support package around them when they come out of prison, whether provided by their general practice or the prison service.

Ken Macintosh

I absolutely agree. In its briefing, the National Autistic Society Scotland has highlighted the variation across Scotland in identification. I believe that there is underidentification in the whole population.

I turn to outcomes and how we monitor and evaluate the successful implementation of legislation, rights and so on. I am thinking in particular about how we measure the support that is in place. As you say, it is not so much about identifying individuals as working out whether they are getting the care and support that they need. What mechanisms are being put in place to ensure that children and adults receive support? We have just done a big inquiry into local government education funding. We found that the system is not very transparent. Much as I totally agree with the direction of policy and the policy intent, I am conscious that we seem to be heading in another direction. Local authorities are already shedding pupil support assistants and so on. We are heading in one direction in terms of policy, but the actual experience of children and adults may be running counter to that. Are we measuring implementation?

Shona Robison

Without a doubt, these are difficult financial times—we cannot hide from it—that make it all the more important that our resources are deployed in the most effective way possible. The action plan, which is being worked on at the moment, will be important in setting out what the measurements are. There will be clear outcomes. The question is how we will judge whether outcomes are effective. The ASD reference group will have to think carefully about that if we are to get the right measurements. That is a key piece of work. The sub-groups will be working on their own areas and some of that work will be easier to do. Certainly, people will be focusing on outcomes.

As well as capturing the hard figures, we also need to capture the qualitative feedback. Perhaps we can use the opportunity of the annual event to gather more personal feedback, which is important in letting us know whether people feel that they are better supported. It can be hard to catch that in the hard figures, which do not always tell the full story. We need a mixture of hard-nosed figures and opportunities for people to give their view on whether they feel that things are better.

11:30

Ken Macintosh

I thoroughly agree. In these difficult financial times, not only statutory care services are being cut; the cutting of voluntary support services will also have an indirect, if not direct, effect.

Crucial to the strategy is the information that we have about the number of people who have autism and what the service levels are. I will make two points on information gathering. First, it is felt that far too many people on the autistic spectrum who end up in the criminal justice system should not be there and that the strategy should concentrate on finding ways of reducing those numbers. Secondly, a lot of evidence that we took in our inquiry suggested that supporting adults with autism into employment would have a tremendous impact on not only their lives, but society.

Shona Robison

On your first point, I said earlier that people with mental health problems and, potentially, autism had found their way into the criminal justice system and, with the NHS’s involvement in health delivery, we might be able to take a more systematic approach to examining the triggers for that. Was there some breakdown in the family supporting them or in their independent living arrangements? Had they been influenced by the people around them? If people are to be discharged successfully from the prison system and not be caught in a revolving door, we need to get a better understanding of the events that led them into the system in the first place. That will need to happen on a multi-agency basis.

Your second point was about employment. I am very optimistic about the rolling out of self-directed support test sites to adults and young adults with autism because of some of the success stories that have been emerging about employment opportunities. This approach has given individuals a package of support to enable them to secure and maintain employment. It is very hard to have a one-size-fits-all service to meet the needs of people with autism—after all, everyone is different—but self-directed support enables the service to be personalised in order to fill the gaps. Those gaps might not be huge and it might not cost all that much to fill them, but if they are not filled, nothing will happen. Some of the interesting stories that I heard showed that even a very modest resource made all the difference between a person being able to secure and maintain employment and not being able to. As a result, we must be very clear and ensure that, through self-directed support, these kinds of opportunities are open to people. After all, you are right. The independent living, the confidence and the sense of a life opening up that can flow from being able to hold down a job are all great, and we are very focused on such matters.

Jean MacLellan

I would like to add two very specific points. First, one of the items on the agenda of the last reference group meeting was about people on the spectrum who have forensic or challenging needs; there was a presentation from Dr Tommy MacKay, a clinical psychologist who specialises in this area, the purpose of which was to begin to generate solutions. Dr MacKay has provided us with additional text for the revised version of the strategy that maps out what the needs are. We have not yet reached the solution stage, but we have identified the various issues and some of the revolving door problems to which the minister has just alluded.

Secondly, on employment, the committee will recall that we discussed Martin Knapp’s work, which is mentioned in the draft strategy, and the adults group’s intention of considering the economic consequences of autism that he has been examining, including, for example, the notion that getting 4 per cent of people on the spectrum, particularly those with Asperger’s, into employment would be beneficial not only for them but for the economy.

That concludes our questions. I thank the minister for her attendance this morning.

I suspend the meeting to allow the minister and her officials to leave.

11:35 Meeting suspended.

11:36 On resuming—