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Chamber and committees

Enterprise and Culture Committee, 01 Feb 2005

Meeting date: Tuesday, February 1, 2005


Contents


Business Growth Inquiry

The Convener:

Item 2 is the business growth inquiry. We have had two discussions about the inquiry and a presentation from Firn Crichton Roberts Ltd. A paper has been circulated and we want to get agreement on a remit, timing and methodology. A helpful and informative background paper has been prepared by the Scottish Parliament information centre on key aspects that we might want to investigate and issues that we might want to address in the inquiry.

We intend to move to a fortnightly cycle of meetings, especially after we have finished considering the Further and Higher Education (Scotland) Bill, one reason being that doing so will give us more time between meetings to get to the coalface to find out what is going on. We will not follow the normal method of simply having people appear before us to give evidence; rather, we will explore other ways of taking evidence from people who work in business at home and abroad. We have deliberately built in the suggestion that we kick off the inquiry with a seminar involving people who could provide helpful input on the output that we seek.

I open the floor to general discussion of the paper that is before members. Any comments, additions and new ideas will be welcome.

Christine May (Central Fife) (Lab):

I welcome the paper and the background information that SPICe has provided. I like the suggestions that have been made. I suggest that, as a principle, when we go on our travels we seek to talk both to rural communities about the issues of sustainability that they face and to communities on the periphery of urban areas that are too large to be rural but too small to be urban, in which there are significant difficulties. I hesitate to say that Fife offers some good examples of such communities, but it does.

Murdo Fraser:

I have a brief comment about the proposed terms of reference. It is important that we do not pin ourselves down too tightly. I suspect that as the inquiry proceeds we will develop many new strands that we want to follow. We should keep the remit of the inquiry as general as possible because when we get into it and speak to witnesses, we will probably find that there are new avenues that we want to explore.

Michael Matheson (Central Scotland) (SNP):

I am concerned about the proposed timeframe for the inquiry, because it might be difficult for us to get it signed off by the summer recess. I notice that evidence-taking sessions and visits will be rotated. It is likely that during visits issues will arise on which we will want to take evidence. It would be prudent to make provision for more evidence-taking sessions later in the inquiry to allow us to explore those issues. It might therefore be too ambitious to try to sign off the inquiry before the summer recess.

The Convener:

I suggest that we take the proposed timescale as a rough guide, rather than as something that is set in tablets of stone. This is a dynamic situation and we may find that there are lines of inquiry that we want to curtail and others on which we want to expand, and that we want to go down different avenues. We want flexibility. However, by the time of the business in the Parliament conference, we should have a clear idea of the kind of recommendations that we want to make. Does Mike Watson want to make a point?

Yes.

I notice that there are now three Mikes on the committee. Perhaps we should have Mike 1, Mike 2 and Mike 3. First we will hear from Susan number 1.

There is only one Susan—that is a matter of factual accuracy.

That is a great relief.

I missed that comment—I may be glad that I did.

The member will be greatly relieved if the official reporters did not pick it up.

Susan Deacon:

I will plod on regardless.

The proposed terms of reference use the word "success". I am keen that as the inquiry progresses we should continue to place emphasis on identifying the factors that lead to success. I do not doubt for a moment that in our case-study evidence we will also have to consider why start-ups have failed and so on. I make that point because the SPICe paper is couched in terms of problems, albeit perceived ones. We could take a different philosophical approach to the issue and potentially reach different conclusions if we were to consider a more positive construct about opportunities, rather than simply adopt a point of view that focuses on the perceived problems, many of which are open to debate.

Richard Baker:

The paper is excellent. I echo what Susan Deacon said about the need for broad consideration of the issues. When we consider whom we should invite to seminars and from whom we should take evidence, we should include not just people who have succeeded, but people who had a go at starting up a business but did not succeed. I have said that before. Of course there might be entrepreneurs who succeed in one area after failing in another, who might offer an interesting perspective on business growth. We should consider such an approach.

We said that we would consider the public and private sectors, but there is a third sector—some organisations fall between the public and private sectors but are involved in support. It would be important to speak to people from such organisations, or at least to consider doing so in the course of our inquiry.

The Convener:

I agree. Our inquiry should be upbeat; we should not have a greeting and moaning inquiry. We should be adding value and coming up with things that have not been considered before. For example, I have been considering Japan's business growth strategy, from which there is much to learn, although I do not think that it is on the agenda in Scotland. That is the kind of thing that we should be looking at.

Mike Watson:

It is interesting that most of the comparisons in the SPICe briefing, which I agree is useful, are with other European countries or other parts of the United Kingdom, which is more important. I am concerned to find out why Scotland lags behind England, Wales and Ireland; I am less concerned about why we lag behind the United States of America and Japan. I am not saying that we cannot learn general lessons from those countries, but comparisons with them have less direct relevance to Scotland.

When we consider supply-side issues such as skills, training and higher education, we can include infrastructure in that category. There are also less tangible but important issues, such as culture. The Scottish cringe is well articulated in the paper; I never thought that "The Broons" would be mentioned in a SPICe briefing, but there is a reference to the cartoon in the paper, probably for the first time in Parliament's history, which makes the point effectively. The way we see ourselves as Scots has a part to play.

We must also try to get a handle on the demography issues. I was slightly disconcerted that Futureskills Scotland said:

"Scotland is unlikely to ‘run out' of workers and there remains time to address most of the challenges".

The statement might be correct, but it does not reflect strongly enough the fact that action is needed. It is a question of the timescale. We need to consider the intangible aspects such as whether there is a level playing field as well as tangible aspects such as VAT rates.

In preparation for the meeting, I looked again at the report by Firn Crichton Roberts Ltd—"Effective Business Growth Support: Benchmarking UK & International Enterprise Agencies"—which involved several visits. I have one or two suggestions about visits that might be useful, but we might come back to that later.

The Convener:

We should agree the overall framework and approach today. Members can then pass ideas to the clerks about the areas that we should visit and the people to whom we should ensure we talk. A discussion about the detail will probably take place after the February recess. We also want to ascertain what we want to follow up in written evidence.

Mike Watson mentioned demography. It might be worth considering what the Swedes have done. They faced exactly the problem that Scotland faces as a result of a falling fertility rate, which is the main contributory factor in the demographic situation in Scotland. The Swedes took a series of policy measures that were aimed at reversing the decline in the fertility rate, which are breeding success.

The birth rate in Sweden is pretty much the same as it is in Scotland.

It has gone up.

It went up, but it dropped again.

We will investigate the matter.

I am not sure what the convener means by the fertility rate; is that the same as the birth rate? I am making a serious point.

My point is that we can learn from other countries on some issues.

Murdo Fraser:

I have a small point to make about the timetable. There is clearly a possibility of a number of overseas visits and so on. For the benefit of the clerks apart from anything else, I highlight the possibility that we might be slightly distracted on 5 May. It could be that, in the three or four weeks running up to 5 May, our availability for overseas visits might be rather curtailed. It might be better to build those visits in, if we are going to do them, after 5 May.

We had you down for a fortnight away at that time.

We have perhaps overlooked sustainability, green jobs and how firms are managing to integrate those with the need for economic progress. We might want to consider those matters as we take evidence.

Chris Ballance (South of Scotland) (Green):

I apologise for arriving late. I do not know how this will chime with what has been said but, to pick up on the point about business failures, I have jotted down as a potential question among the list near the top of page 2 of the paper, "What are the reasons for business failure?" That would seem to follow quite naturally from the paper that has been produced by SPICe.

We could also ask, "How do we ensure that research and development are effectively targeted?" In the 1970s and 1980s, research and development were targeted on nuclear energy, rather than on renewable energy sources. Looking at the world now, those resources might have been targeted differently. Similarly, we are now considering the biotech industry as being an area of growth, but it might well be that something much more simple and basic, such as joinery and the export of ready made timber-clad houses, turns out to be a bigger and more profitable area of business growth. It is not just a question of how we increase research and development; it is about how we make it effective and how we work out whether it is going in the right direction.

There is one area where I think I will disagree with other members of the committee and pour a little bit of water on the party, as it were. I do not see a case in the paper before us for making three overseas visits. We seem to be saying that we will divide ourselves up and go on three overseas visits, but we do not actually have reasons why we should go overseas, and we do not have suggestions about where we should go. We have already commissioned Firn Crichton Roberts to go around Europe taking evidence from the relevant enterprise companies. I argue that, at this stage, we should be open to the possibility of going overseas only if a strong reason for a trip presents itself. The proposal that is before us—that we should agree to go on three overseas trips and then hope to find the reason for doing so during the course of the inquiry—is not something that I would sign up to, I am afraid.

Susan Deacon:

For what it is worth, I have some sympathy with what Chris Ballance has just said, not least for the reasons that Mike Watson mentioned earlier. I think that some sort of investigation needs to be done closer to home first. However, I am open to further discussion on the matter.

The main point that I wish to make goes back to demography. I had not planned to raise this, but I wish to make the point in the light of the convener's mention of fertility. It depends on how we approach the whole question of demographic change in general—there is a question about just how far we should get into that huge area—and the availability of skills, in particular. The bit that is missing from the paper and which is often missing from the public policy debate on the subject, is the question of what employers can and should do to create the flexible conditions that will be increasingly needed in the workplace in the future in order to attract and retain not just women with children—although that is the most obvious group to cite—but people at various ages and stages in their lives who might want to come in and out of the workplace. I am concerned that the paper might have replicated that narrow limited analysis, which after all is not just concerned with the role of Government policy.

It might well be that most—if not all—of that terrain would fall outside the scope of our work. We cannot omit the immense question of why Scotland has a lower birth rate than other parts of the UK—we should bear in mind Mike Watson's point about the significance of the UK comparison—from our discussions about employment practice and the culture and climate of our workplaces. I simply note the point. Whether we spend much time on it will depend on how the inquiry goes.

The Convener:

As far as overseas visits are concerned, we need to put in motion the facility to make them. We might finally decide not to make any, but the process has to be approved by the Conveners Group, the Parliamentary Bureau and the Scottish Parliamentary Corporate Body. In one case, it has taken six months for a committee to get approval. We are simply seeking agreement in principle that visits would be considered only if appropriate; we are not committing ourselves to any visits. If we thought that having visits would be worth our while and would add value, any such proposal would come back to the committee.

Chris Ballance:

My expectation is that the Greens on the Parliamentary Bureau will oppose a request for three general overseas trips—indeed, I would recommend that they do. However, we might accept a request for a trip to a definite place if definite reasons were given. I suspect that if we receive permission for three trips the chances of our not going on any trips at all will be somewhat less than if we had to argue for and give a definite purpose for each trip. For example, last year, I went on a foreign expedition to Denmark as part of the renewables inquiry, but there was a very clear reason for that trip. I would like such a case to be made before we take the proposal to the Parliamentary Bureau.

The Convener:

We need to do that anyway to get approval. The paper merely sets out the parameters of the methodology; it does not commit us to specifics other than what is set out in the recommendations. Before the bureau, the Conveners Group or the SPCB explicitly approve any trip, they will need to know its cost, its purpose, the number of people who would go, how long they would go for, what they were going to do there and so on. The bureau, the Conveners Group and the SPCB are not simply going to give us a cheque and say, "Here's 10 grand—away and enjoy yourselves."

At the moment we do not have a clear idea of where we want to go or why we want to go there.

The Convener:

That is why we are taking things a stage at a time. I am seeking agreement in principle that the committee will consider making visits as part of its inquiry. I am sure that we would agree to a visit only if it added value and if there were a real reason for it. I do not think that you are at odds with such an approach.

I am not opposed to having trips; I am simply saying that we need clear, objective reasons for them.

We will also need to agree in principle whether we need advisers, because we have to set that process in motion as well.

During our last meeting in 2004, you mentioned the possibility of seconding someone from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. That sounded like a good idea. Has any progress been made on that?

The Convener:

We have received advice from the OECD that as an institution it would not provide support corporately to a parliamentary committee of either a nation-state Parliament or a devolved Parliament. However, the OECD has its own people who have advised and worked for it, some of whom are already on SPICe's list of approved contractors for the Parliament. We would probably need to use those people, but it would all be part of a tendering process. We cannot just approach one individual.

Chris Ballance:

Our committee papers also suggest the possibility of appointing an adviser for our investigation into European Union state aid policy. Personally, I think that there is a much clearer case for appointing an adviser on that. Having been involved in many discussions on European aid with the South of Scotland European Partnership, I would dearly welcome an adviser to explain some of the terms. That matter has a better case for an adviser.

The Convener:

When we go through the recommendations, we can agree whether to appoint an adviser. The recommendations are on page 4 of the paper.

Recommendation 1 invites us to

"discuss and agree the proposed terms of reference".

We agreed with Susan Deacon and Richard Baker that we should consider not just the problems but the opportunities that arise. With that qualification, are members happy with the terms of reference?

Members indicated agreement.

The Convener:

Recommendation 2 is that we

"accept the general structure and timetable outlined in this paper for the implementation of the inquiry".

The key word is "general". Is everyone happy with the general approach?

Members indicated agreement.

Recommendation 3 asks us to

"agree to make the written evidence received publicly available during the course of the inquiry".

Are members happy with that?

Members indicated agreement.

The Convener:

Recommendation 4 invites us to

"agree to consider a range of case studies during the inquiry and from these to identify those where a visit by a cross-party delegation would be appropriate. The Convener and clerk will bring proposals to the Committee for approval and then take forward the necessary requests internally".

Obviously, the clerk and I will make those proposals at the appropriate time. Do members agree with recommendation 4?

Members indicated agreement.

Recommendation 5 is to

"agree to delegate power to the Convener to deal with any witness expenses claims which may arise as part of this inquiry".

Is that agreed?

Members indicated agreement.

The Convener:

Recommendation 6 asks us to

"agree to seek appropriate authorisations to enable the Committee to hold at least one meeting outside the parliamentary campus in the first half of 2005".

Is that agreed?

Members indicated agreement.

The Convener:

Recommendation 7 is to

"consider whether an adviser(s) is needed for this inquiry and, if so, instruct the Convener and clerk to seek the necessary approval and bring back a shortlist of possible advisers".

We will come back to that once we have dealt with the general issue that Chris Ballance raised.

Recommendation 8 is that we

"formally agree that the meetings, or parts of meetings, which are utilised to agree the draft final Report, shall be held in private, but agree that prior to that stage there would be an opportunity to discuss interim views and findings in public".

Is that agreed?

Members indicated agreement.

Recommendation 9 is that we

"agree that the Report, once agreed by Committee, be given full publicity via press briefings".

Is that agreed?

Members indicated agreement.

The Convener:

On recommendation 7, the word "adviser" is of course open to many interpretations. However, I feel that it would be useful to have someone to give us benchmarking information and advice, especially on what is happening in other countries. Essentially, the Firn Crichton Roberts report benchmarked the development agencies—Scottish Enterprise and, to a lesser extent, Highlands and Islands Enterprise—against similar agencies in other geographical areas, especially in Europe and the US. However, the report did not benchmark our economy or rates of business growth against similar areas. For example, by and large the same powers have been devolved to Catalonia as to Scotland, yet Catalonia appears to have higher economic growth. There might be reasons for that, which we could emulate.

I would like someone with knowledge and experience of that to advise the committee on which areas Scotland should benchmark itself against. The adviser could tell us the areas that come closest to Scotland from which we might learn a trick or two on how to improve our business growth. In other words, whereas the helpful Firn Crichton Roberts report restricted itself to the role of development agencies, our inquiry will consider a far wider question, for which external independent advice, knowledge, information and data would be helpful.

Again, recommendation 7 seeks only the committee's general approval. If that is forthcoming, we will need to discuss in more detail the exact type of adviser that we require. However, I would have thought that with such a wide-ranging review it would be useful to agree in principle to our having an adviser. Obviously, I am open to the views of the committee.

Christine May:

We need some support and not just on the factual benchmarking of the narrow area that was done by Firn Crichton Roberts. Also, given the example that you gave of Catalonia, I would be interested to know whether in a country such as Sweden, which does not have devolved legislative structures, there are examples of success and what the factors are there. That information would enable us to look at the subject from all sides and see whether there are common factors regardless of the constitutional or legislative input.

I agree.

Presumably, the adviser would be in addition to advisers from SPICe. I would have thought that we could ask SPICe to provide advice and answers to Christine May's question. What would be the role of the adviser on top of the role of SPICe?

The Convener:

With all due respect to SPICe—from which we have had and continue to get excellent support—we are looking at a dimension, a background and levels of experience and expertise that may not be available in SPICe. I am not one to spend money on advisers for the sake of it, but we are looking for someone with international experience of business growth policy and wider economic issues. There is also a resource issue with SPICe—it is limited in terms of time, for example. In any case, any adviser would work with SPICe. There would be no duplication, because there would be no point in that. An adviser would be an additional resource and could provide the advice, experience and breadth that perhaps we do not have in house.

Michael Matheson:

My experience on another committee is that advisers work in partnership with SPICe. In particular, they bring hands-on expertise and experience. Normally, a SPICe researcher has to find out a lot of information, whereas an adviser has a background in the sector and can give first-hand information and help to guide SPICe on where to get information.

An adviser would also be helpful because we have set a fairly ambitious timescale, as we want to have some type of report ready for the business in the Parliament conference. It would be useful to have someone who could assist us in identifying and obtaining the information that we need, so that we can move things forward as quickly as possible. There is a time-saving aspect to having an adviser, as well as the professional expertise that one would bring along.

Mike Watson:

I reinforce the point about hands-on, rather than academic, experience. Some people may have gone into academia having been in business or the international sector, but we should have somebody who can talk from experience, rather than just talk about the theory. We need to find somebody who has put into practice some of the suggestions that we will make in our report.

I seek agreement on recommendation 7, which will be subject to further detailed discussion.

I suspect that I am on my own with my concerns, so I will not push them any further.

Thanks, Chris. Are members agreed?

Members indicated agreement.