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Chamber and committees

Transport, Infrastructure and Climate Change Committee, 02 Oct 2007

Meeting date: Tuesday, October 2, 2007


Contents


Abolition of Bridge Tolls (Scotland) Bill: Stage 1

The Convener:

I welcome our second panel of witnesses for the afternoon: Stewart Stevenson, the Minister for Transport, Infrastructure and Climate Change; David Patel, deputy director of the transport directorate; and Chris Rogers, the team leader for tolled bridges. They are here to speak to our second item, which is stage 1 evidence taking for the Abolition of Bridge Tolls (Scotland) Bill.

Does Stewart Stevenson want to make any opening remarks?

The Minister for Transport, Infrastructure and Climate Change (Stewart Stevenson):

If I may, convener. I am grateful for the opportunity to appear in front of the committee. I have followed earlier evidence-taking sessions and noted the evidence that has been put before the committee. Indeed, I listened carefully to what the cabinet secretary just said on the subject as well.

I will use these opening remarks to reassure the committee about the bill and some of the issues that were raised in the earlier evidence-taking sessions. In the debate on road bridge tolls on 31 May, I said that it was the Government's intention to discuss the simplest method of removing the bridge tolls with the two bridge boards and to introduce legislation to that end in September. We have done that. I also said that it was my expectation that the Forth Estuary Transport Authority and the Tay Road Bridge Joint Board would remain as road and traffic authorities and would retain responsibility for the management and maintenance of their respective structures. That is the case.

When I appeared before the committee on 11 September, Alex Johnstone asked me whether the sections of the Transport (Scotland) Act 2001 that empower traffic authorities to introduce road user charging schemes could be repealed as far as FETA was concerned. I agreed that I would examine that point. The Government continues to look into what form such an amendment could take. I hope that that is helpful to the committee, and you will hear more later.

There has been considerable consultation on and discussion of tolls in Scotland in recent years. The views are in the public domain. The Parliament debated the subject regularly and voted in favour of removing the tolls, with 120 votes supporting. We have introduced a simple and specific bill that acts on that broad agreement to remove tolls from the Tay and Forth road bridges. We have consulted the two bridge boards thoroughly on the bill's effects and, in particular, on the financial, staffing and traffic management implications. It is crucial that staff are treated with dignity, and my officials have kept me informed of the boards' discussions with staff and the unions. Discussions between the boards and my officials will continue in the coming months. We have also consulted the adjoining local authorities—in particular, Dundee City Council and the City of Edinburgh Council—directly on points on which their responsibilities are affected, particularly where traffic management is concerned.

Prior to introducing the bill, we published the toll impact study that the previous Administration commissioned. I note that there has been considerable debate on that study in committee evidence-taking sessions. Some people take the view that the bill could have significant impacts, while others take the view that the effects of removing 80p and £1 tolls would be marginal. Some people even believe that removing tolls will be beneficial to traffic flows, especially on the Tay road bridge. I will certainly want to monitor the actual impacts rigorously. We will continue to invest in public transport and to address the growth in traffic that has been taking place steadily for a number of years.

I would be grateful if the committee would bear in mind a few points on the toll impact study. The study indicates that any additional commuting from Fife into Edinburgh would be offset by less commuting from elsewhere. It also predicts that, in the longer term, there would be some 1,000 extra employed Fife residents working in Edinburgh or Dundee. Understandably, the Government welcomes that predicted widening of the employment opportunities as part of its wealthier and fairer agenda.

The majority of the congestion impacts that are quoted in the toll impact study are in the off-peak periods. That implies some increase in individual journey times rather than queues, as the roads are rarely used to capacity outside peak periods. I recognise the concerns that have been expressed for the protection of the environment if the number of journeys across the Forth and Tay increases. However, the potential impacts are modest and, as with any of our individual proposals, should not be viewed in isolation but should be considered alongside our full programme of commitments. The Cabinet Secretary for Finance and Sustainable Growth referred earlier to our substantial programme of announcements last week on public transport and the rail network.

The Government did not accept the toll impact study's policy conclusions. The tolls on the two bridges were introduced for the users to pay for their construction. The legislation that introduced them was not introduced with a view to restraining the bridges' use and was not introduced for all eternity. The fact that Fife residents have been paying the tolls for 40 years cannot reasonably be ignored. Mr Swinney said in response to the study:

"While I note the consultants' conclusion that congestion may increase as a result of the decision to lift tolls on the Forth and Tay bridges, the government is clear that it would be an injustice to the communities of Fife, Tayside, and the Lothians to keep tolls when elsewhere in Scotland they have been removed.

We will instead continue to invest in initiatives which reduce congestion, such as improved Park and Ride facilities, and improved rail, bus and cycle links."

I finish with a comment from Tricia Marwick, which I also quoted in the debate of 31 May. She said:

"The debate is about fairness. Scotland has nearly 30 road crossings of tidal waters, but only two are tolled and both are in Fife. Why does no other part of Scotland have any tolls when we in Fife have two?"—[Official Report, 8 February 2007; c 31888.]

The Convener:

I point out to members that we have received supplementary evidence from Government officials, which has been circulated. I remind members that the questions that were previously intended for Transport Scotland have been sent in written form to the minister.

You addressed some of your remarks to the issue of consultation. You mentioned how much the proposal has been debated, but a number of witnesses told us that there has been no contact of any kind—not only no formal consultation process but no informal dialogue—since the Government announced its intention to introduce the bill. Why has there been no such contact?

Stewart Stevenson:

There has been substantial consultation. The toll impact study that the previous Administration initiated sought responses from all local authorities that were affected, and four authorities provided responses. We discussed the effect of the bill with FETA and the TRBJB. At the most recent election, we made removal of the tolls a key part of our manifesto offering to the electorate. The proposal has been discussed widely and the views of a wide range of stakeholders have been heard. We debated the proposal in Parliament, where 120 of the 129 members voted to support it and no one opposed it. I recognise that the convener and his party colleague abstained on the motion that was before the Parliament.

It is clear that we have engaged on the issue over a period of time. We are building on the actions of the previous Administration and have brought forward this simple measure on the basis of equity for the people of Fife. Nothing in what we propose today will be a surprise to anyone who is engaged in public debate in Scotland.

The Convener:

Other members have questions on several issues, including that of equity. You mentioned the debate of 31 May. You may have the numbers wrong—there could not have been 129 votes in favour and two abstentions. However, the motion to which a majority of MSPs agreed on 31 May required that there should be

"consultation aimed at bringing forward proposals leading to the removal of the tolls as soon as practicable"

and that because

"any additional vehicle traffic increases congestion problems in Edinburgh and the wider region, existing commitments to trams and Edinburgh Airport Rail which have already been scrutinised … should not be arbitrarily delayed or cancelled and that all future major transport project proposals be properly costed, evaluated and prioritised."

The motion also mentioned specifically funding options for the replacement Forth crossing. None of the detail that the motion requested has been provided. The Government is not yet able to answer questions on the funding of the replacement Forth crossing, and there has not been the consultation that the Parliament sought in the motion.

Stewart Stevenson:

I will not address the issue of the replacement Forth crossing today, as our focus is on the abolition of tolls, which is a purely financial arrangement. We have sought to bring forward

"proposals leading to the removal of the tolls as soon as practicable".

The consultation that we undertook with the bridge boards was aimed at ensuring that our proposals in the bill are consistent with the proper management of the bridges and the proper financing of the crossings. We wanted to ensure the proper future maintenance of the bridges and their safe operation. I believe that we have discharged our obligations on toll abolition contained in the motion that was agreed to. As you have quite properly identified, the motion mentions a number of other issues, which the Government will of course address in a number of other ways at a later date.

The Convener:

Forgive me, minister, but the motion that the Parliament agreed to—which you have cited as one reason why no further formal or informal consultation is needed—is very clear. It clearly states that the Parliament

"further requires that the government's proposals"—

that is, the proposals to remove the bridge tolls—

"set out clearly what the financial consequences of the removal of tolls on the transport budget are and outline funding options for the vital replacement Forth crossing".

Those requirements have not been fulfilled.

Stewart Stevenson:

We have clearly set out the financial implications of the bill, but I will be happy to answer detailed questions if members feel that we have not addressed those. Earlier, the cabinet secretary informed the committee about the work that we are undertaking on the funding options for the replacement crossing. There is, of course, no material connection between the replacement crossing and the bill that is before the committee. As the cabinet secretary indicated, the financing options for the replacement crossing and the decisions that the Government makes on that are matters that we will bring to Parliament.

Do you suggest that the committee should make no comment on the fact that a string of witnesses have told us that they have had no contact from the Government on the issue?

Stewart Stevenson:

I would not instruct the committee on what it should say—the convener would rightly rein me in if I were to do that—but I will say that we have had really quite extensive discussions. We continue to be open to hear any material facts about the bill, which is a tightly drawn bill with a narrow focus. My officials have had regular meetings with the two boards and I have met representatives of the boards and the management of the two bridges to ensure that our proposals are consistent with managing the crossings safely and in an operationally optimum way. Of course, we have also considered the finance and how staff will be affected by our proposals.

Cathy Peattie:

Several witnesses, including representatives of the Scottish Trades Union Congress, have raised concerns that the bill includes no firm date for the abolition of tolls and that that uncertainty is having a negative effect on bridge staff. Given the minister's comment about the need to treat with dignity the people who work within the system, I will pursue that issue a bit. When will the tolls be abolished if the bill is passed by Parliament?

Stewart Stevenson:

That is a perfectly reasonable question, but the deputy convener has in a sense answered her own question. The progress of the bill is dependent on the parliamentary process. We are looking to have the bill on the statute book before the turn of the year—that is our objective—but we are in the hands of Parliament in that regard. It would be unwise of me to go beyond that, given that there is another process for approving the order thereafter. At the earliest possible opportunity after the bill is passed, we will seek to make an order to abolish the tolls. Because of the parliamentary processes, I cannot give the actual date on which the abolition will take place. However, I can give an absolute assurance that we are determined that they will be abolished at the earliest possible moment that is consistent with the proper parliamentary process after royal assent.

Do you understand the workforce's concerns about the uncertainty? Have you agreed to meet representatives of the bridge workers to discuss their concerns?

My understanding is that the workers and management have now agreed. I ask Chris Rogers if he would like to—

Before you bring your officials in, I remind you that the question was whether you have met the representatives of the workforce.

Stewart Stevenson:

I answered an oral question from John Park on 6 September. I have said that I am more than willing to meet those who work on the bridges to discuss the safe operation and the running of the bridges. It would be unhelpful for me to intervene until the management and the staff have agreed terms. Once they have done that, I will meet anyone on matters of importance affecting the bridge, including this issue.

There was a request from the trade unions to meet you in order to discuss this issue. It is October now and, as I have said, the uncertainty is difficult for the people who are working on the bridges.

Stewart Stevenson:

I am happy to meet the unions on that subject, once the terms between the employers and the unions have been signed off. If that has not yet been done, it is on the brink of being done. I am willing to discuss the subject, but I will not be able to give the unions an answer other than the one that I have given you. I will guarantee to the committee and to the employees themselves that they will be treated with dignity and respect, as befits the contribution that they have made to two major parts of Scotland's transport infrastructure.

I hope so, because at the moment the employees do not feel that they have been treated with dignity or respect, or that anyone is listening to them. We will watch this space.

The Convener:

The feeling of being treated with dignity and respect is not going to be engendered by the unions being told, "Not yet," when they ask to meet you. The committee wrote to you making the point that it would be useful for members to know in advance of the close of our stage 1 consideration whether you had met the unions. Why have we not yet had a reply to that letter?

I beg your pardon. I am afraid that I missed the—

Why have we not yet had a reply to our letter indicating that it would be useful to know in advance of the close of our stage 1 evidence taking whether you had met the unions?

Stewart Stevenson:

It is important to recall that the bridge boards are the employers. It is not appropriate for the Government to intervene in the detailed discussions that should properly take place between the employers and the staff. However, as soon as an agreement has been reached, I am happy to meet the workers on the bridges. I cannot say for certain when that will be possible, but I stand ready to do so.

The Convener:

I hear the answer that you have given to the previous question about when you are willing to meet the unions. Meeting the unions would not necessarily be an attempt to intervene in the process but would be merely a signal that their concerns are being taken seriously. I was asking why we have not had a reply to our letter to you asking what your position was on the matter.

None of us has, apparently, seen the letter. We are aware that it has been received, and we will deal with it as rapidly as we can.

The Convener:

The committee seems to be experiencing a number of breakdowns in communication with the Government. I will move on, as we are not going to get much further on that at the moment.

It has been predicted that the additional congestion that is expected to arise as a result of the abolition of tolls will increase greenhouse gas emissions. We have heard some suggestions that that will be a relatively minor effect, but the minister will understand how a Government that justifies various minor effects in the wrong direction will be perceived. It does not necessarily give people confidence in the Government's ability to achieve its longer-term climate change objectives. How do you reconcile the Government's climate change objectives with minor steps in the wrong direction?

Stewart Stevenson:

We ask that our plans are looked at in the round for their overall effect. Last week, I made a statement to Parliament that was essentially about EARL but which talked about a substantial and wide range of measures that will improve public transport offerings right across central Scotland. We have also previously committed to signalling improvements that will improve journeys by rail from Fife, and in drafting the bill we have considered bus priority lanes and multi-occupancy vehicle priority. The overall positive effect of last week's announcements on the balance sheet is likely to be substantially greater than the negative effect of abolishing tolls on the two bridges.

The Convener:

Since devolution, a common criticism has been that additional public transport spend does not necessarily reduce the levels of road traffic. Road traffic levels have continued to increase despite additional public transport spend. The new Government's approach has been to talk about a balance sheet. When are we going to see that so that we can tell whether the Government's proposals are negative in isolation but positive in combination?

We will be in a position to make some statements on the matter in relation to our climate change programme.

Do you mean according to the timescale for the proposed climate change bill?

Yes.

When did you receive the report of the toll impact study and how did it inform the preparation of the bill?

Stewart Stevenson:

My officials will ensure that I give a consistent answer. The toll impact study was seen at the end of June. Given that it was a manifesto commitment, we came to the issue of the tolls with a view. We knew of the existence of the toll impact study, which has helped to inform our understanding of the effect of what we propose and the measures that we need to take.

To what extent were you able to take into account information or results of studies within the toll impact study before the bill was drafted?

Stewart Stevenson:

The bottom line is that, in drafting the bill, we focused on the narrow objective of addressing the injustice of tolls for the people of Fife, who must pay tolls both to the north and to the south although the rest of Scotland does not suffer the same impost.

The study suggests that there will be an increase in off-peak utilisation of the bridges, which may lead to longer journey times. However, our basic motivation is to address an inequity. We have an extensive network of monitoring equipment to the south and north of both bridges as well as on the roads leading off them. We will ensure that we have a good, accurate understanding of the effects of the removal of the tolls and that we are able to respond to any unexpected effects that may arise from the lifting of the tolls.

Alex Johnstone:

I am anxious not to overstep the mark with this question. During the course of the committee's scrutiny, I have addressed the toll impact study from various different directions to see where I can get with it. Is it your view that the toll impact study is a reasonable piece of work, which came up with traffic modelling predictions and other results that were not unexpected?

Stewart Stevenson:

The toll impact study was done under the direction and terms of reference of the previous Administration. It largely confirms what one might expect. A range of possibilities emerges from the study—the modelling resulted in a range of predictions. In a sense, the study's results are not unexpected.

The study helps us in that it predicts 1,000 extra jobs in Fife. It also suggests that traffic congestion in Dundee will reduce, because traffic will not be queueing to pay the toll—different effects are predicted for the two bridges. The study is based on a reasonable set of assumptions, although other assumptions could have been made. The statistical approach that is taken in the study is a not unreasonable way of looking at what will happen when we abolish tolls.

Alex Johnstone:

If we agree that the toll impact study is reasonably accurate and that its results fall within the range that we might have expected, the next stage is to consider exactly what impact the changes will have. Is it reasonable to say that the study suggests that there will be no significant or enormous change in the behaviour of people who use the bridges as a direct result of the removal of tolls?

Stewart Stevenson:

As I said, the study makes a range of predictions, not a single prediction, as is quite proper in a study of that kind. One witness who gave evidence to the committee suggested that, against a background of an increase in traffic, the effect of removing the tolls could be as little as two or three months' worth—although it might be longer—of background growth. The point is that removal of the tolls will not overwhelm the system—we know that.

The toll impact study makes the important point that traffic utilisation will rise largely in the off-peak period, when there is capacity to accommodate more traffic. Journey times will increase slightly. I will allow myself to be corrected on this, if I must, but I think that journey times could increase by in the range of 43 seconds to two minutes on the Tay road bridge and by a little more than that on the Forth bridge. As some witnesses told the committee, the impact will not ultimately be substantial.

Is it reasonable to suggest that in many cases impacts are incremental, not decisive?

That is quite a good way of putting it, Mr Johnstone.

Shirley-Anne Somerville:

We have discussed the toll impact study's prediction of increased congestion. However, witnesses have told the committee that congestion might not increase. There seems to be confusion about the study's conclusions. Will congestion increase significantly?

What impact will there be on the economy? The evidence from the toll impact study and organisations such as the Federation of Small Businesses Scotland and Scottish Chambers of Commerce is contradictory.

Stewart Stevenson:

It seems clear that increased utilisation of the Forth bridge will largely be off peak, as I said. It is suggested that congestion on the Tay bridge might reduce, simply because, given the location of the toll booths almost in the city centre, removal of the tolls will stop traffic queuing in Dundee as it waits to go on to the bridge and reduce congestion for through traffic. When we rise above the detail of the statistics and consider what is likely to happen on the ground, it is clear that there will be a mixed picture of effects and that congestion will reflect itself primarily in longer journey times rather than in longer queues.

In increasing off-peak use of the Forth road bridge, we are not talking about reaching the point of capacity. There will still be capacity after the predicted increases.

The second part of my question was about the impact on the economy.

Stewart Stevenson:

The study suggests that there will be 1,000 extra jobs in Fife. That will be welcome in Fife, which had a significant commitment to the electronics industry and therefore paid some significant prices as the well-documented difficulties with that industry were experienced. For the people of Fife, as well as broad equity—the argument for which drove our proposal to abolish the tolls—we are delivering the economic benefit of greater access to employment. That will be welcome.

The Convener:

There is a debate on the extent to which the Government accepts the toll impact study's findings on pollution, congestion, economic impact and so on. Previously, you stated that the objective is to contain traffic on the existing Forth crossing at 2006 levels. Today, we heard from Transport Scotland that no other independent assessment of the likely impact has been undertaken, so the toll impact study is all we have to go on. How can you convince us that traffic will be contained at 2006 levels despite the abolition of tolls?

Stewart Stevenson:

We have to seek to contain traffic at 2006 levels. I make the point again that the increased utilisation will be at off-peak times. At the busiest times, which, incidentally, are earlier than the busiest times on other parts of the road network, we are looking at little or no change. There will be greater off-peak utilisation, but we are also looking at measures. I think that you heard about the work that the south-east Scotland transport partnership is doing with Transport Scotland—if not, you are hearing about it now—to increase access for buses on the M90 and speed their passage. We are looking at providing priority, if we can, to multi-occupancy vehicles, and at ensuring that public transport has greater access on northbound trips. The quality of the bus offering is improving.

All that work is directed at ensuring that we can maintain service levels and that people who use the bridge at present can continue to do so. The work is also directed at capping use at a sustainable level.

The Convener:

You accept the factual findings of the toll impact study, if not the policy recommendations, so you know that your proposal will take us in the wrong direction. There will be increased traffic levels on the bridge. However, you are giving us a commitment that traffic in the future will reduce to 2006 levels. When you discuss the policies that you will put in place to achieve that, you can express them only in terms of what you are looking at. How can the committee be content that you will be able to achieve a reduction to 2006 levels?

Stewart Stevenson:

Last week, Iain Docherty made reference to the fact that the increase that we might see is equivalent only to two or three months' worth of background growth in traffic.

I return to the proposition of making public transport a more attractive option. That is about ensuring that we are able to get more trains across the rail bridge; improving the timekeeping and length of the trains—their carrying capacity; improving offerings on the bus services; and improving and expanding the successful Ferrytoll park-and-ride service. All those measures contribute to the improvement in public transport offerings, which are directed at increasing the number of people we can transport across the various crossings by various means, but will nonetheless mitigate the effects of the suggested few months of natural background increase in traffic following the bill and abolition of the tolls.

David Stewart:

You mentioned congestion and off-peak times. I am sure that you are aware of the evidence that we have heard, particularly about the Forth from the bridgemaster, that at peak times the bridge is already at capacity and that the toll plaza is, in effect, the traffic management system for the bridge. Do you not accept that, with increased congestion at peak times when the tolls are gone, all that will happen will be much greater queueing in the lead-up to the Forth bridge, but without a toll plaza in its current form?

Stewart Stevenson:

We might not have a toll plaza, but we are certainly encouraging FETA to consider—I know that it is doing so—measures that will enable it to control access to the bridge in a similar way to ensure that capacity and utilisation are managed for traffic heading north as well as south. The toll plaza is no material restriction on traffic heading south to Edinburgh—it is only a northbound constraint. FETA is looking at alternative measures. For example, there are already bus priority traffic lights for traffic coming into the city and similar methods are among the measures that are being considered to ensure bus priority for traffic heading north when the toll plaza has been removed. Although I am not making a commitment, I am saying that one of the outcomes might be that we can improve priority for certain parts of public transport, such as buses, in an environment in which the toll plaza has been removed and FETA has put in place other ways of controlling the traffic.

You listed a number of attractive suggestions that would help you to meet the commitment to maintain traffic at 2006 levels. Is it essential that those suggestions be put in place before the tolls are lifted?

Stewart Stevenson:

The bridge is running at capacity at peak hours, so it will not carry any more traffic at peak hours when we lift the tolls. I welcome the member's observation that we have presented a number of attractive options; they will be implemented over time. We continue to look at the options; we have long-term options for improving public transport capacity on the rail network, shorter-term options to prioritise public transport and shorter-term options for multi-occupancy vehicles. Our responses not only to the removal of tolls but to the steadily growing utilisation of the M90, the A90, the adjacent roads and the bridge are both short and long term. We would have to put in place many of those measures in any event and I return to the fact that the effect of abolishing the tolls will be comparatively modest in drawing the timeline closer.

Alison McInnes:

We heard from the bridgemaster that the Government was going to fund the redesign of the toll plaza and the new road layout. Given what you have said this afternoon, do you agree that it would be entirely inappropriate for the Government to fund any redesign of that road layout that did not include bus priority measures?

Stewart Stevenson:

We have agreed that we will pick up the tab for all the effects of the abolition of tolls—redesign and so on—that are necessary for FETA and the Tay Road Bridge Joint Board. At the end of the day, it is up to the City of Edinburgh Council and FETA to pursue the subject that you mention. However, if it is part of the effects of our abolishing tolls, we would expect to reflect that in our commitment to FETA.

Alison McInnes:

Let me push you a bit further. Do you not think that there would be a missed opportunity—and perhaps a failure of leadership—if the Government were to spend significant amounts of money without insisting on bus priority measures? Whether or not FETA and the City of Edinburgh Council can finally agree on a scheme, surely it is for the Government to suggest that any redesign should include such measures.

Stewart Stevenson:

Discussions on the subject are already under way. FETA is the roads authority for the area concerned, so it is up to FETA to pursue those measures; I know that the measures are on its radar, and I would expect that it will make the best possible speed on the subject.

I have been pressed on when the tolls will come off, and I return to equity for the people of Fife. We will seek to abolish the tolls as quickly as we reasonably can. I expect the various authorities to progress with the various measures that I have described as quickly as they reasonably can, and I know that they are doing that.

Perhaps I can phrase the question differently. Will the Government fund a road layout that does not include bus priority measures? Will you ask the authorities to go back to the drawing board if such measures are not included?

Stewart Stevenson:

FETA is responsible for the area in front of the bridge. We have said that we will fund what FETA reasonably proposes as a response to the changes that derive from the abolition of tolls. It is up to FETA, and it is actively engaged in discussing the subject. I know what FETA is discussing, but I will not know the exact detail of its plans until it brings them forward. It is important that I do not step on FETA's toes in that regard.

The Convener:

Let me have one last crack at this. Can we have an assurance that we will not see the Government funding the redesign and then other revenue sources being used to redesign the layout again later to include bus priority measures, cycle links or other such aspects?

Stewart Stevenson:

I hope that you heard me say that discussions are already in course. We will certainly examine bus priority with FETA—the subject is being discussed. That discussion also involves the City of Edinburgh Council and, at the north of the bridge on the M90, Transport Scotland. All the players are party to the discussion. I am not in the slightest bit anxious to spend more money than I have to; I am anxious that we get it right in a oner.

In short, you cannot give us an assurance about the prospect of wasted money on a wasted redesign.

We will not waste money.

Three key strategic outcomes are set out in the national transport strategy. Minister, how do you consider that the decision to abolish the tolls meets them?

Stewart Stevenson:

The abolition of the tolls is based on simply the argument of equity for the people of Fife and the users of the only remaining estuarine crossings in Scotland that people have to pay for. In fact, it has always been a matter for the people of Fife that both toll plazas require people to pay to get into Fife while they can leave for nothing. In abolishing the tolls, we are relying on equity for the people of Fife and we are seeking to ensure that the effects of the abolition of tolls are consistent and integrated with our work on transport throughout Scotland.

Rob Gibson:

I hear what you are saying. We have received evidence from the National Alliance Against Tolls, which said that the equity argument is the most important. However, Iain Docherty said that equity is a red herring because no transport system gives equal access to all people living in all parts of the country. Some witnesses suggest that the abolition of tolls would create inequality between road users and the general public, through the use of general taxation to fund the bridge. Others suggest that the equity argument is outweighed by economic and environmental arguments.

Stewart Stevenson:

The trunk road network reaches all corners of Scotland and, of course, it is provided by general taxation. Inevitably, there will be variation in people's ability to access the network. However, when we invest public money in roads, railways or any other part of the public transport system, we consider need, the value to local communities, and our strategic objectives. Putting economic development at the heart of Government strategy involves having a transport network that supports all parts of Scotland according to their needs. In the central belt, issues arise because of high volume; in other parts of Scotland, needs are different but we still require trunk roads of good quality.

Is accessibility a plus point in your programme?

Stewart Stevenson:

Yes—accessibility to our trunk road network. Also, it is not right that a financial impost should be placed on people in one particular part of Scotland—Fife—when they want to return home after making a visit to Dundee or Edinburgh. The situation has been unfair for a long time. The tolls were originally brought in not as a restriction on people's ability to travel, but as a tax to pay for the construction of the bridges. Forty years on, it is time to right that wrong. That is what the bill will do.

Is equity a strategic transport objective for the Government?

Stewart Stevenson:

In all that we do, we have to seek to deliver the equity that we can. An attribute of joined-up Government is that we can look at a range of objectives. To be fair, I should say that any Government does that. There are very few one-dimensional policies, if I may put it that way.

We are delivering equity for the people of Fife through a project that relates to the transport network. Of course, the Government has to consider other ways of delivering equity as well.

The Convener:

I understood that transport policy was not one-dimensional but three-dimensional, and that the three dimensions were: improving journey times and connections; reducing emissions; and improving quality, accessibility and affordability. The proposed measure falls at two of those hurdles. First, it will increase journey times by extending the peak period. Time is money, so if people are spending more time in traffic jams, that is money; if people are spending more money on fuel because their journey takes longer, that is money too. Secondly, if the bus operators are right when they say that buses will spend more time sitting in traffic jams, the quality and accessibility of public transport will be reduced. The policy will also increase emissions, although you argue that the increase will be modest.

You answered a question on the transport strategy by making the equity argument. That is surely an admission that this measure fails on all of the Government's strategic transport objectives.

I return to suggestions that were made earlier. If congestion in Dundee city centre is reduced, there is a good chance that journey times will be reduced too. Emissions will certainly be reduced, because less traffic will be queueing.

Have you accepted the overall findings of fact in the toll impact study?

Stewart Stevenson:

I am pointing to the diversity of impacts in different parts of the network. When a change of this kind is made, some things will be moved round. I am quite confident that emissions will be less concentrated in the centre of Dundee. The quality of life will be improved in Fife.

As I indicated, journey times, particularly at peak time—which is the most critical time for crossing to Edinburgh—are unlikely to change substantially. It is perfectly clear that the strategy will have different impacts and different objectives, but I think that, at the end of the day, the proposal has been widely welcomed in Fife and in the Parliament.

The Convener:

Surely a transport policy that had equity as one of its strategic objectives would look dramatically different. Instead of simply concentrating on one particular element of transport infrastructure—in this case, bridges—it would look, for example, at the equity between public transport costs and the costs of private car use and at the equity between different areas of the country. However, equity is not a fundamental strategic objective for much the same reason that Professor Docherty suggested; it would be an impossible ask, given the inherent costs of running a complex transport network.

Stewart Stevenson:

I suspect that the convener might be teasing me slightly in light of last week's very substantial announcement, which set out an investment in the rail network of perhaps up to £1 billion and which will deliver substantial equity to people across the central belt. In Inverness, we are improving the frequency and reducing the time of journeys; in Aberdeen, we are improving the rail network infrastructure to reduce journey times; and we are improving journey times to the south and south-west of Scotland, again in respect of infrastructure. Moreover, the road equivalent tariff study that we are undertaking is delivering equity for people in the islands, and its impact will increase as things develop. As for the suggestion that we are not treating people across Scotland with equity—which was made after looking at only one comparatively modest part of our transport activity—I believe that we have probably not seen for a considerable time a Government that is quite this ambitious to deliver equity in transport for the people of Scotland.

Will that include equity for public transport users?

Stewart Stevenson:

Of course. As you know, this minister is a regular and enthusiastic user of public transport. Informally, I have calculated that, since becoming a minister, I have used the train on a greater number of occasions than I have used the Government car—although not necessarily on official business.

We have to move on, but I will wait and watch with interest for the minister's innovative ways of using public revenue to reduce the cost of public transport for many people in Fife and elsewhere.

Alison McInnes:

How do you respond to the suggestion that has been made to the committee that the people of Fife might benefit more if you invested the revenue that you are using to finance the abolition of tolls in other transport initiatives or economic development?

Stewart Stevenson:

There is not much evidence that the people of Fife agree with you. Our proposals to abolish tolls have received a very wide welcome, and I am quite confident that the people of Fife are very much behind us on this subject. Indeed, support crosses political and social divides. People are very enthusiastic about it. The pressure that was put on me earlier in the committee's deliberations—to some extent by the deputy convener—indicates enthusiasm for ensuring that we abolish tolls at the earliest possible date.

Alison McInnes:

That might well be the case, but you have not answered my question. Would the money that you will invest in removing the tolls be better spent on economic development or other transport initiatives, which would create more benefit for the people of Fife? I want to hear your views on the matter, not the views of the people of Fife.

Stewart Stevenson:

The question presents a bit of a false choice. In the past week, we have announced plans that will ensure that we are able to engage more effectively with economic development throughout Scotland. Fife will be one of the beneficiaries of that approach.

In any event, you appear to be setting out the rather uncomfortable idea that the people of Fife should pay a special tax that people elsewhere do not pay and which, in part, pays for economic development elsewhere in Scotland. The bottom line is that, in the interests of equity, we are removing a tax—and that is the right word to use—on the people of Fife. In evidence to the committee, Alan Russell said:

"The tolls are a restraint on trade."

He went on to say that

"businesses in Fife are taxed an estimated £3.4 million per annum just to use the national road network".—[Official Report, Transport, Infrastructure and Climate Change Committee, 25 September 2007; c 129.]

The Convener:

Have any measures been planned to mitigate the negative impacts of the abolition of tolls? I am talking about pollution, congestion and the potential economic impact. What discussions have been held with stakeholders such as local authorities or indeed the voluntary sector, which owns and operates a number of, for example, cycle links in Scotland, about any mitigation measures that will be implemented?

Stewart Stevenson:

Officials are certainly aware of the measures that councils are taking. It is not clear that there will be significant environmental impacts; the study that is before the committee and elsewhere indicates that there will be a very small net increase in emissions and air pollutants. The percentages are very marginal indeed. However, it is important to measure and manage all pollutants, and I am confident that the local authorities will discharge their duties in that respect.

The Convener:

The Government's decision to fund the redesign of the toll plaza seems to imply that it has a sense of responsibility, given that it has made a political decision at national level. Does that sense also apply to mitigation measures such as funding for cycle links to enable sustainable commuting from Fife to Edinburgh?

The very high quality cycle links on the existing crossing will not be affected by our proposals.

The Convener:

On the existing crossing, yes, but once cyclists get off the bridge they still have to get into the city, and the cycle links are not regarded as safe and attractive. Will the Government commit funding to mitigation measures including cycle links?

I draw the minister's attention to the written evidence that we have had from Spokes, which includes reference to a commitment made by John Swinney:

"We will continue to invest in initiatives which reduce congestion, such as improved park and ride, and improved rail, bus and cycle links."

Is there a commitment to put Government money into the mitigation measures? Will that include getting commuters to use a bicycle wherever possible when commuting from Fife to Edinburgh? They find it difficult to do that at the moment.

Stewart Stevenson:

Convener, you know of my cabinet secretary's enthusiasm for cycling; I heard him express some disappointment that his ministerial duties are reducing his time in the saddle.

As part of the comprehensive spending review and determining the local authority settlement, we will be happy to talk to local authorities about that subject.

You said "happy to talk to", so there is no commitment.

How can I make a commitment until I have specific proposals?

The same question could be raised in respect of the redesign of the toll plaza, but you are able to make that commitment.

Stewart Stevenson:

That specific item is FETA's responsibility and it clearly has to do the toll plaza redesign as part of the abolition of tolls.

I repeat that if a case is to be made, I wish to hear it. This is part of the local authority settlement process and we are happy to talk about mitigation as part of the comprehensive spending review. However, I reiterate that the crossing has a first-class set of cycle lanes that can also be walked for that matter, although walking from Kirkcaldy to Edinburgh every day might be a bit perverse.

If all one wanted to do was cycle up and down the bridge every day, that might be enough.

David Stewart:

Is there a danger that the abolition of tolls could have a negative knock-on effect on other modes of travel, such as rail which, as you know, has strong environmental credentials? Is there a danger that rail will seem less attractive and that the public will use their cars instead? Do you share the view of the City of Edinburgh Council that cross-Forth rail fares should be reduced when the tolls go?

Stewart Stevenson:

You will be aware that there has been a significant year-on-year increase in the uptake of rail travel. Our plans to invest further in the rail network—in frequency, capacity and speed—will create significant opportunities for further modal shift. I am sure that people will move to rail travel. Given that we are improving capacity—and everything else I mentioned—in the rail service, there is likely to be a far more significant move to rail than on to a road bridge that is at capacity at peak times. The move will continue to be in quite the opposite direction to the one you suggest.

After nearly 40 years of pretty continuous decline, bus utilisation has increased in the past couple of years. That increase pre-dates the introduction of the national concessionary fare scheme. I am confident that we are beginning to see a move towards public transport. It is certainly this Government's intention to continue to support that.

David Stewart:

You will know that we are at capacity in terms of infrastructure, seating and signalling on the Forth rail bridge, too, at peak times—you made that very point when you gave evidence previously. The point that I am making is that there is a danger of a transfer from rail to road.

I welcome your positive comments about speeding up rail. One of our worries is that rail times for journeys north have hardly changed in a generation, which is not good enough. I would welcome any commitments you make on that. I understand some of the constraints around signalling and stock, but you have not answered my question about the transfer from rail to road.

Stewart Stevenson:

Given that the bridge is at capacity at peak times, we expect an increase in rail utilisation at peak times—the toll bridge study suggests that. We are undertaking signalling improvements on the rail bridge, which will double the number of blocks that are available. That will provide a theoretical doubling in capacity. In fact, one cannot realise all that, but we can get a significant increase just by putting in another signal. We have improved the junction just north of Inverkeithing and there are other improvements. As we improve services in the central belt and electrify rolling stock in the rest of the network, rail will simply become a much more attractive option.

I very much welcome Mr Stewart's comments about the need to improve services to the north. I share that belief, which is precisely why we are acting to improve services to Inverness and Aberdeen.

The Convener:

I want to pursue the point about modal shift. You talked about increases in public transport usage. If that were accompanied by a decline in road traffic levels, perhaps it would be okay to describe it as modal shift, but we have been seeing modal spread, not modal shift, have we not?

Stewart Stevenson:

I return to what we are seeking to do to improve modal shift. I reiterate my points about multi-occupancy vehicles being prioritised on the bridge to reduce the number of cars, if not necessarily the number of people. We are improving the public transport offering in a wide range of ways and I am confident that, as more people use it, we will see modal shift. As I have engaged as Minister for Transport, Infrastructure and Climate Change—which makes one think about things differently—I have experienced modal shift and I know that other people have, too. This is an ad hominem debate.

We are determined to deliver on modal shift, which is why we are focusing on improving the rail network and the speed at which buses can move over significant distances—and why we have the policies we have.

The Convener:

We will discuss buses in a moment, but I want to be clear on this point. As we consider the impact of abolishing tolls in the months and years to come, will the Government be satisfied that it is achieving modal shift simply if public transport use increases, even if road traffic also increases?

Stewart Stevenson:

We have more to do in public transport to address the climate change agenda. We can do it in lots of ways, but improving public transport is a key part of that. I return to the point that that is why we seek to make the investments that we are making.

Alison McInnes:

You referred to existing schemes that successfully encourage modal shift to buses in the area that is involved. Organisations such as the Confederation of Passenger Transport UK have expressed concern to the committee that increased congestion arising from the abolition of tolls—however small that increase is argued to be—would impact on those successful schemes. The CPT has requested the construction of a park-and-ride facility to the south of the Tay road bridge and bus priority measures at the southern approach to the Forth road bridge. What is your response to the CPT's concerns? Will the Scottish Government support the construction of the additional facilities that have been proposed?

Stewart Stevenson:

I understand that SEStran and tactran are considering that idea, but I am unaware of any proposals to the Scottish ministers, unless I am told otherwise. We are looking at that.

We are enthusiastic about further park-and-ride sites. Ferrytoll park and ride has been spectacularly successful and increasing its number of spaces by 500 is being considered. Ingliston park and ride is expanding. Sheriffhall park and ride, which is south of the river, is due to open shortly, as is Straiton park and ride. Park and rides at Lothianburn and Wallyford are also under discussion.

I very much encourage tactran and SEStran to make best speed with park and ride, which is a spectacularly successful innovation that sustains modal shift. Mrs McInnes will be aware of the park-and-ride schemes in the north-east that have proved successful. It is time that we had more park and rides for the Tay crossing, as we have not had them.

I share your enthusiasm for park and ride—the first interurban park and ride in Scotland is in my home town—but my question was about CPT's plea for protection of the success of existing schemes.

Stewart Stevenson:

I engaged with people on that subject at the CPT UK (Scotland) conference last week. I return to bus priority lanes and, if appropriate, using extra signals such as those that give priority to buses on the A90. That is precisely the sort of measure that we must take and which I am keen to support to ensure bus journey times. If the convener will forgive me, I would like to mention that the Edinburgh airport bus link takes a consistent 30 minutes or less from the centre of Edinburgh to the airport because of the priority that buses are accorded. We want the same success to be repeated with many other journeys that can be made by bus.

Cathy Peattie:

Representatives of the freight industry have suggested priority measures for goods vehicles, similar to those for buses. Do you intend to introduce or consider such measures to ease the passage of goods vehicles over the bridges following the abolition of tolls, if Parliament agrees to that?

Stewart Stevenson:

It is interesting that about 80 per cent of the goods traffic that crosses the Forth does so at the upper Forth crossing. I have met the Freight Transport Association and the Road Haulage Association in the past three weeks. Neither of them focused on the issue in the hour-long meetings that I had with each of them. They were more concerned with matters that do not touch directly on the bill—in particular, they want to ensure that their interests are reflected in decisions that will be made on the replacement crossing. To be blunt, that is their immediate priority. I have, at their request, discussed with both organisations ways in which we can ease the journey in various parts of Scotland, particularly on the trunk road network, but the issue that the member mentions was not raised with me by those bodies in either of those meetings.

It was raised with the committee, so I am asking for your opinion.

Stewart Stevenson:

I will certainly look at what those organisations have to say on the issue, but there is a genuine difficulty in that we cannot give priority to everyone. We must accept that.

Bearing it in mind that 80 per cent of the goods traffic crosses on the upper Forth, the Forth crossing is very important for goods traffic that crosses the Forth—such as the traffic for some of the industries in, for example, Markinch. However, much of the goods traffic has a choice about when it travels; in particular, the traffic that goes across the Forth bridge has a degree of choice. There are indications that many of the companies are choosing to schedule in a way that best meets their needs.

I hope to meet some of the Fife companies that are most directly affected to discuss a range of issues. I will be happy to engage with them on the subject and see what we can do. It would be unwise of me to come to the committee and make a commitment without having had such a discussion, but I am actively engaged with all the relevant trade bodies and I expect to meet some of the companies whose interests I think you are raising.

I welcome that. I suggest that you speak not only to the Fife companies but to the wider network.

Stewart Stevenson:

There are a number of reasons why I want to speak to them and they want to speak to me. The future replacement Forth crossing is perhaps the top priority. I am now alert to the fact that I should engage on this subject, and I make a commitment to do so.

What impact is the proposed abolition of tolls on the existing Forth road bridge having on Transport Scotland's preparatory work on the replacement Forth crossing?

Virtually none.

Are we talking only about the capacity of the staff of Transport Scotland, or what?

Stewart Stevenson:

One of the reasons for introducing a focused and straightforward bill is to speed up and simplify the process. That allows staff in Transport Scotland to focus on our substantial programme of work, which includes the work that we have inherited from the previous Administration and are carrying forward, and the priorities that we for our part wish to pursue.

As the bill is small and has a narrow focus, the number of people involved is not such as to distract Transport Scotland from its core mission.

Rob Gibson:

Can the minister explain what arrangements have been made to secure long-term funding for FETA and for the Tay Road Bridge Joint Board, particularly in the light of concerns that those organisations raised about the financing of multi-year contracts, which are longer than the usual three Scottish Executive budget years?

Stewart Stevenson:

The money that is spent by the two boards comes from a number of sources. Funds that currently come from tolls are being replaced by an alternative revenue stream from the Scottish Government. There will be no change in the income and expenditure of the two boards.

Secondly, the boards are able to borrow money to pay for major projects. One of the bill's provisions in relation to the Tay Road Bridge Joint Board is to allow that power to continue beyond 2016, when it would otherwise have lapsed. The provision represents an improvement on the board's ability to seek funding by that route. We are in no sense disrupting FETA's powers.

The third source of funding is direct grant from the Scottish Government to either board for specific projects. That is entirely unaffected by the passage of the bill. As before, decisions on a grant for a specific project would be made on the basis of the project's merits and the support for it. In financial terms, the bill makes no material difference to the boards' ability to deliver operationally effective and safe crossings of the two estuaries. That is our intention.

Your comments imply that the life of the Tay Road Bridge Joint Board will be extended and that the future of both organisations will be secure.

Stewart Stevenson:

The bill does not affect the powers of the Tay Road Bridge Joint Board and the Forth Estuary Transport Authority. We are not planning to change the way in which they operate. Officials are working closely with both boards to ensure that there is sufficient flexibility to enable them to deliver our objectives for the crossings. That work is going well.

Elsewhere, the Government has made great play of the need to integrate and simplify decision making. What reasoning informed your view that it is necessary to retain the two boards?

Stewart Stevenson:

The management of the two bridges is a specialist activity and the boards' employees have a great deal of expertise. The structure of the boards, which are made up of locally accountable elected representatives, is an important part of the link between the crossings and the communities they serve. We see no advantage in disrupting an arrangement that is working—that is a good test for Governments to apply.

As I indicated to Mr Gibson, we have financial structures that appear to work. Because we are focused on delivering the abolition of tolls to the people of Fife and on removing as quickly as possible the inequity that exists, we have focused narrowly on that objective and have made the minimum legislative changes that are necessary to achieve it. However, we have taken advantage of the opportunity that the bill affords to tidy up the landscape by deleting some residual powers relating to the Erskine bridge. We have sought a simple, quick, effective and unambiguous way of delivering the policy objective on which we were elected and that Parliament voted so decisively to support.

Alex Johnstone:

I was about to tell the convener to carry on, as the question that I planned to ask has largely been addressed, but I am tempted to explore the issue one more time.

Some people may be aware that I support the motives behind the bill and regard the removal of tolls as an achievement, but I am concerned that that achievement is threatened by the bill's implications for the independence of the bodies that control the bridges. When they raised a large proportion of their funds, those bodies had financial independence and could plan ahead. The minister has been asked about that and has given fairly robust answers, but could we do anything in the bill to guarantee in the long term the independence of the controlling boards that run the bridges? Can we do anything to prevent any future politicians who have an ambition to centralise and bureaucratise from doing that?

Stewart Stevenson:

There is a bill in front of the committee today precisely because the powers that are associated with the bridges are embedded in primary legislation. It would not be possible for a minister, sitting at his desk, to change things on a whim at the stroke of a pen; it would involve the whole Parliament. The bodies in question are road traffic authorities—that is important—and legislation would be required to change those as well.

You ask about the boards' independence, but you must remember that they have, over a long period, had to come to the Government to make a case for the significant capital expenditures they have made over and above that for the routine care of the bridges. The transfer to central Government of the responsibility for delivering the revenue stream that is currently derived from tolls is a commitment that we make in the long term. Indeed, it is embedded in everything we have put in front of you today. As long as the present Government continues in office, there should be no risk to the independence of the boards. The overwhelming vote that was taken in Parliament on the subject suggested that there is pretty much no divide on the issue across the Parliament. I hope that that continues into the future.

The Convener:

That more or less concludes our questioning. I want to wrap things up by referring to the written questions that we have given you, which we intended to ask Transport Scotland. You will be aware that we need answers to the questions to inform our consideration in drafting a report. Will you give us a commitment that we will receive answers to those questions by the end of the week?

We have the questions and will ensure that you receive answers to them as quickly as possible. That means very quickly indeed. I have the written answers.

Will we get them by the end of the week?

I am sure that the circumstances that have led us to respond in this way have been discussed already.

Yes, indeed.

We have responded absolutely as quickly as we can, and you will have the answers very shortly.

Thank you. I am sure that you will want to look behind the back of the filing cabinet for the letter on workforce negotiations as well.

It would not be for me to explain the processes that have been gone through. We are aware of the matter, and it is being dealt with as quickly as possible.

We look forward to answers on both those matters, which will inform our report.

I am anxious to oblige you in the matter, convener, and I will ensure that I do.

I thank the minister and his colleagues for attending the committee today.

We now come to item 3, which we agreed to take in private.

Meeting continued in private until 17:01.