With regards to the environmental attributes, these too have been plain to see for many years. Predator control has been found to triple the effectiveness of breeding in lapwing, golden plover, red grouse 2 and meadow pipit ; while a study just published has found that red-listed curlew – whose UK population has been in decline since the 1990s – raise four times as many chicks on grouse moors than 3 on unmanaged moorland sites .