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Chamber and committees

Local Government Committee, 19 Nov 2002

Meeting date: Tuesday, November 19, 2002


Contents


Proportional Representation (Local Government Elections) (Scotland) Bill: Stage 1

The Convener:

I have changed the order of the agenda to keep together the items to be held in public.

Tricia Marwick, who was a member of the committee and is now a substitute member, introduced the Proportional Representation (Local Government Elections) (Scotland) Bill. The bill is at stage 1, which deals with the general principles, and we are the lead committee.

From Scottish Borders Council, I welcome Councillor John Ross Scott, who is council leader, and David Hume, who is chief executive. From the Convention of Scottish Local Authorities, I welcome Councillor George Purcell, who is vice-president, and Barbara Lindsay, who is policy officer.

Councillor John Ross Scott (Scottish Borders Council):

On this day in 1863, Abraham Lincoln delivered his Gettysburg address, which contained the famous phrase

"government of the people, by the people, for the people".

Now, 140 years later, if we are to make our government of the people, by the people, for the people mean anything, we must not close our minds to change and new ways of working. Since March, when David Hume and I took over as, respectively, the chief executive and leader of Scottish Borders Council, we have instigated change in areas that were seemingly sacrosanct in some respects and, while ruffling some feathers, have encouraged innovative ways of working. It is a pleasure to come here today to argue for something of which we are very much in favour.

The key to local government is making those whom we represent feel part of the operation, which involves the partners, the stakeholders and the public. From all the evidence that has been gathered, which I am sure that you have seen, I firmly believe that the single transferable vote system of proportional representation would give more Scottish voters a representative of their choice and result in less alienation on their part.

Almost half of those who voted in the 1999 elections in Scotland—around 1,127,000 voters—were left without a representative of their choice. That is neither right nor fair. In my view—although George Purcell is probably going to kick me at this point—COSLA has skirted around electoral reform to the extent of calling it a diversion. However, the form that elections take is crucial to local government and democracy and it is wrong to view it as a diversion.

The only contribution that I made to the COSLA paper was in paragraph 38, which contains the word "committed". I wanted to emphasise that, within the COSLA leadership group, there is a strong, if small, band of people who are committed to change of this nature.

In a rural area, as our paper illustrates, the STV system would pose challenges. I ask David Hume to talk further on that subject.

David Hume (Scottish Borders Council):

The paper that we have circulated tries to present some of the issues pertaining to a rural area with regard to the STV system. We have used some local evidence to set out the needs and peculiarities of rural areas in relation to STV.

As the paper says, there is a history of great public engagement in community activities in the Borders. There has been less engagement from the main political parties and there is a strong tradition of independent politics. In the Borders, which I will use as an example of a rural area, there are identifiable and strong communities. We think that those issues are important and need to be taken into account in any change of the voting system.

We require a system that engenders a strong commitment to the democratic process and builds on the present situation. The bond of accountability between the local area and the elected representative is critical. From the evidence that we have seen, we believe that the operation of the scheme in Northern Ireland demonstrates that it is possible to retain that bond within an STV system.

The independent nature of politics in rural areas means that there are particular requirements. We need to have a system that does not prejudice people who want to stand as independents in the political system.

With regard to the discussion that the committee had before the break, members might be particularly interested in a course that we are running through our adult education service for individuals who wish to prepare for elected office. We perceive that, unlike in urban areas where the political parties do a lot of training of people who want to come through, in areas that are characterised by strong independent politics and weaker political parties, there is a job for the local authority to do to support people who want to go through the process. We have appended to our paper the outline of that course.

We would like a system that improves voter turnout, because turnout is a demonstration of engagement and commitment to the democratic system. We have referred to the postal ballot that we undertook recently in the Borders. We think that inclusion is important. There are problems in the first-past-the-post system as it exists at the moment. We have examined evidence on women's representation and have been persuaded by the view that PR systems in general are better at providing for the inclusion of and representation of women. However, we are aware that a lot depends on the operational design of the scheme that is implemented.

On the administration of elections, we take issue with the financial memorandum that is attached to the bill. If we go down the road of the single transferable vote system, there will be additional costs in relation to publicity and advertising, voter education, staff training and information technology software. As things are structured at the moment, contrary to what the financial memorandum says, the costs fall to the local authority.

With the introduction of new approaches to voting, the opportunity should be taken to introduce a requirement for training between elections to support and develop election staff, rather than making it episodic with quick training before the elections take place. We also think that the opportunity should be taken to underpin our electoral system with some kind of formal quality certification. The electoral system would be well placed to have that attached to it and we think that that would be a positive way forward.

Beyond that, as Councillor Scott said, there are issues with regard to the size of STV wards, which would require a particular design for implementation within rural areas. Drawing on evidence from Wales and elsewhere, we suggest that multimember wards could take the form of four or five-member wards in urban areas and two or three-member wards in rural areas to avoid having huge geographical wards.

All in all, from a rural perspective, we support the introduction of single transferable voting. We think that it would deliver the kind of electoral system that we would like to see in the Borders. However, we would require flexibility to ensure that the system is designed to fit, rather than being a one-size-fits-all system. We urge that any change in the voting system should provide the opportunity to introduce modern business management methods as a requirement for election organisation and delivery.

Councillor George Purcell (Convention of Scottish Local Authorities):

Neither the bill nor the Executive's white paper sets out a convincing argument for electoral reform. That would be a necessary first step in deciding on an electoral system that would be another major change for local government. That is predicated on the fact that the McIntosh commission and the Kerley group, which reported on the renewal of local democracy, indicated that two main factors had to be complied with before the introduction of any change to the electoral system: it should command public support and it should sustain and maintain the member-ward link. There is no evidence whatsoever that proportional representation would meet either of those criteria.

COSLA's stance is principled. It believes that the member-ward link is the most important thing. With proportional representation, it is not possible to achieve a compromise on the member-ward link; therefore, COSLA is in favour of retaining the first-past-the-post system for local government elections.

David Hume mentioned that the system requires flexibility and should not be one size fits all. That would not work for an electoral system. It must be applicable across the board for all elections, whether for MPs, MSPs or councillors.

COSLA has not given a knee-jerk reaction. It has carried out extensive consultation, which shows that its position mirrors that of the majority of councils. There is, however, a minority view, which John Ross Scott highlighted, and COSLA has considered that in its report on electoral reform. Approximately 24 of the 32 local authorities see no reason to change the electoral system, and the remaining eight authorities are not clear about the type of proportional representation that would best serve them.

The bill seems to promote PR as being a fundamental part of the debate on local government's role and status, but it ignores the other dimensions of the debate relating to a strong and vibrant system of local government in Scotland. COSLA believes that other issues are more important than electoral reform.

If local government was established on a constitutional basis and there was less ring fencing and more flexibility in meeting the needs and aspirations of the people whom it represents, it would be stronger and more vibrant, which would encourage more people to vote.

After the 1995 elections, five administrations in local government in Scotland had less than 45 per cent of the vote. That percentage highlights the number of people who vote and the legitimacy of elected representatives in local authorities. COSLA argues that, if local democracy is to be renewed, other dimensions must be considered, rather than there being another tumultuous change in local government, which will lead to confusion.

Iain Smith:

My questions are addressed primarily to the COSLA representatives. The film "Groundhog Day" was on television yesterday, and the committee is a bit like that film today, because COSLA's report is similar to that which it presented to the renewing local democracy inquiry.

Paragraph 36 of paper LG/02/29/05 states that COSLA

"does not believe that AMS, STV or AV+ can deliver maintenance of the member-ward link, as they are all multi member-ward systems."

What was the basis for that statement? How does it tie with the situation in England, which has multimember wards but is based on first past the post?

Councillor Purcell:

It is predicted that proportionality will dilute the member-ward link. Obviously, first-past-the-post one member per ward is the strongest and most identifiable link between the electorate and elected representatives. A multimember system would dilute that.

Councillor Scott:

I share Iain Smith's view about breaking down barriers and regaining respect, which is the basis of the bill. I agree with COSLA's proposals; however, it has not tackled the STV issue and the voting system, which is extremely important and goes a long way to encourage people to vote. If voters feel that they have elected the person against whose name they have put their cross, they will feel much happier and will, we hope, vote again in the next elections.

The need to break down barriers and the member-ward link were referred to. I am a councillor in Hawick. There are five councillors there, and we were elected through the first-past-the-post system. That is not to say that we do not work together, nor that we do not share problems. I see no difficulty in having an STV system in Hawick, whereby the top five people whom the people of Hawick wanted to be elected would be there doing the job for them. There would be no diminution of the member-ward link. A difficulty might arise in a more rural area, however, where, as David Hume mentioned, there might be a much smaller ward with perhaps two members in it.

Councillor Purcell:

Councillor Scott says that the first five people on a list who are voted for in Hawick should be elected as representatives. However, that poses difficulties. Any political party would want to draw up a manifesto to put to the electorate, saying what it wanted to achieve during its period of office. If a coalition had not been constructed before the election process began, no manifesto could be put to the electorate. Alternatively, the manifesto would have to be rewritten as soon as the elections had taken place, as the make-up of the administration would not have been known in advance.

Iain Smith:

Let me follow up the answers to my initial question. You did not say why the link between councillors and the electorate is not as strong in a multimember ward as it is in a single-member ward. The evidence from the "Scottish Households Survey", which the committee received from John Curtice, was that only 8 per cent of the public have any contact with their local councillor and that only 43 per cent claim to know who their local councillor is. That does not suggest that there is a strong member-ward link.

From speaking to councillors in Ireland, where the single transferable vote system is used, I know that they feel that they have a stronger link with their communities than they had under the first-past-the-post system. They know that the electorate can choose someone else from the same party if they do not provide a link with the community. Is not the argument that there is a strong member-ward link in single-member wards unproven?

Councillor Purcell:

No; I think that I made the argument. There is no stronger link with the community than having one elected member per ward working in the local authority for that area. As I said, the multimember system would lead to a dilution of that. Increased ward sizes would probably be required to allow that system to be accommodated. There would have to be changes to ward areas, and there would be a sense of loss within a community if ward areas were expanded and taken across different borders than exist at present.

I am unconvinced, to say the least.

Councillor Scott:

So am I.

Iain Smith:

Let me follow up your comments on manifestos. Do you not think that local views on the manifesto of an administration are reflected in election results? For example, in Edinburgh in 1999, the Labour party went into the election with 40-plus per cent of the vote and came out with only 33 per cent of the vote but still had a majority. There was a similar result in Aberdeenshire, where the Labour party's support declined from more than 40 per cent to less than a third of the vote. Do you think that that shows that the electorate endorsed the manifestos of those administrations?

Councillor Purcell:

It is my impression that it did, because there was a manifesto there. Local government and the Scottish Parliament will hold their elections in 2003. Are we prepared to go in with coalition manifestos prior to the voting taking place? No. Candidates will have a manifesto that is presented by their party to convince the people to vote for that party. That manifesto would be torn up if a coalition was established.

Iain Smith:

My point is that, in the two circumstances that I chose to use as examples, the Labour party secured the vote of only a third of the people who voted. More than two thirds of the electorate voted against the manifesto that the Labour party went into the election with. Was it right that the Labour party could then implement that manifesto against the wishes of two thirds of the electorate?

Councillor Purcell:

The Labour party never had local government reform in its manifesto prior to the elections, but it has now. Any local party that is elected to the administration has had its manifesto ratified.

Councillor Scott:

On coalition manifestos, in the Borders, we are used to coalitions. Most of the administrations that we have cobbled together in recent years have been coalitions, and they have worked fairly well. The Liberal Democrats, the Labour party and the Tories all had their own manifestos beforehand. The way of implementing a manifesto in a council is to be part of the administration. That is what makes coalitions work: the parties can achieve some of their manifesto commitments by being part of a coalition.

Dr Jackson:

I ask David Hume for slight clarification. The Scottish Borders Council written submission says:

"The views expressed in this paper are the personal views of the author and should not be taken as the views of the Scottish Borders Council."

However, you kept saying "we". Will you clarify on whose behalf you are speaking? You said that you had a partnership with Councillor John Ross Scott. What is the extent of that?

My main question follows on from Iain Smith's point and concerns STV. I will concentrate more on Scottish Borders Council than on the Convention of Scottish Local Authorities for the moment.

I am trying to find out what evidence you have from constituents—the electorate—that there will be no difficulties with the councillor-ward link. You draw on Northern Ireland and various other examples, but what concrete evidence do you have? Iain Smith said that not many people know who their councillor is. I take your point that, if we had PR, more people might vote because they will think that their votes count. However, what evidence do we have that they would know who to go to and would be happy with the system? A lot of people consider the present Scottish Parliament PR system to be less than satisfactory.

David Hume:

I prepared the submission in association with the council leader. It is not a paper from Scottish Borders Council, because we have not put it to the council and the council has not taken a view in that level of detail. The council's response to "Renewing Local Democracy" is to come out in support of proportional representation. However, given other priorities in the Borders, we have had no need to carry on and establish a full picture.

You should be aware that I have been in post in the Borders for eight months. The council leader has been in his position for about seven months. The issue is not one that we have taken up as a major strand of our policy. As I said at the beginning of the submission, the views in it draw on experience of elections in Edinburgh and, more recently, the Borders.

On the views of the electorate in the Borders, I give the same response. We have a well-developed consultative forum with the public in the Borders, but we have not exposed that forum to the issue. In the past eight or nine months, we have dealt with a number of major issues. Electoral reform has not been part of that as yet.

In preparing the submission, we drew on our experience of the Borders and other places, and considered some other relevant settings such as Wales and Northern Ireland. We considered information that we drew from the "Scottish Households Survey" and other forms of information collected from the public in the Borders, and came to a view.

It is plain that the Borders have the characteristic, which might exist in other rural areas, of very strong identification with particular settlements. If you have any experience of those areas, it will be plain to you that, for example, the voters in Hawick are clear that they want people to speak up on behalf of Hawick, rather than for individual wards within the town or on single party issues.

I need to be careful in a discussion such as this, because I do not want to be drawn into a political discussion. I will give you the benefit of my knowledge and experience, but I am not giving a political view.

As a local government manager, I am interested in the fact that, quite rightly, we are being exhorted all the time to work in a joined-up way. From an officer's point of view, the idea of having a team of elected members representing a clearly identifiable geographical unit, such as Hawick, Selkirk, Galashiels or Peebles, means that the agenda for those areas could be developed in a collaborative way, which would be interesting. It would be better than the way in which dog officers have to operate from time to time, which arises out of the political conflict that results from no consensus.

The bill contains interesting proposals. In preparing my evidence, I heard that Stirling Council used STV for community council elections. We will be considering that issue in the Borders. The committee may also want to do so. We are keen to trial new ways of doing things, which is why we offered ourselves for the third all-postal pilot.

I do not have hard evidence on the subject, but if the opportunity permits, we may be able to proceed to test views on the issue via our citizens panel. My evidence is based on what we know works in the Borders and how other rural areas work. Given the council's commitment to community planning and joined-up working, we believe that a form of representation that allows for cross-party consensus-based representation could be an interesting way to progress matters.

I am glad that you mentioned Stirling. We always think that we are ahead of the game.

That is because it has such good councillors.

Dr Jackson:

You seem to be saying that, in the areas in which STV operates, councillors in a ward area work together in a better, more consensual way. Is that correct? If so, could you provide the committee with the evidence that you have been working on?

David Hume:

I made some reference in my submission to STV in Northern Ireland. I have also looked at research that was produced by the Commission on Local Government Electoral Arrangements in Wales, which examined similar questions in relation to STV. The one luxury that we have in the Borders is that we can look at the electoral system as part of an examination of our broad range of operations. One of the issues that we are considering in the Borders is integrated area management that is based on our local area committees. The council may well decide to go down that road.

The possibility of integrated area management puts an interesting perspective on members working together in coherent geographic areas that are also the focus of the council's service delivery.

I have not been responsible for the administration of STV elections thus far, but on the basis of my research, the STV model offers a challenging opportunity to cement the system of democratic accountability through the voting system and to implement the coherent provision of integrated services at an area management level, which Scottish Borders Council aspires to.

Councillor Purcell:

With no disrespect to John Ross Scott or David Hume, I understand why it would be very difficult to get that paper through the council coalition in the Borders. The council has other issues to concern itself with. It is clear that electoral reform is not high on its agenda.

None of the evidence that has been presented indicates the need for electoral reform. To base the case for reform on proportional representation in Northern Ireland is a false premise because that system and the Scottish local government system are completely different.

Councillor Scott:

In its submission to the committee, Scottish Borders Council said that it was in favour of STV multimember wards. If Dr Jackson is keen to look at the development of cross-party liaison, she should look at a multimember ward in Newcastle, where she will find some really good multimember areas. Admittedly, the system is based on first-past-the-post elections with cross-party liaison working in an area, but it is very good.

Tricia Marwick:

I want to make a quick point to the representatives of Scottish Borders Council. The bill does not follow directly the Kerley recommendation of having between three and five members in each ward. It provides that there could be up to eight members, which means that rural areas would have the option of having fewer members in each ward. Would that satisfy your concerns on rurality?

David Hume:

Yes. I made that point earlier. In order to make the system work, we would need that flexibility, but we realise that it is a trade-off. It is conceivable that we could have five-member wards in the main towns of the Borders and identifiable geographical units with two or three members outside those areas. That is our caveat—we need such flexibility to make it work.

Tricia Marwick:

I want to direct some questions at COSLA. We had multimember wards in Scotland before 1975, not under a proportional representation system, but under a first-past-the-post system. Councillors were elected on a rotating basis, with a third being elected each time. Therefore, there is recent evidence of multimember wards in Scotland. Are you arguing that they did not work and that they are a bad thing? Do you not think that they achieved the councillor-ward link that you are talking about?

Councillor Purcell:

Before the 1974 changes, 12 elected members represented the area that I represent now. That was a dramatic reduction in the number of representatives. I still contend that the single-member ward creates the strongest link possible between the electorate and an elected representative.

Have the COSLA representatives always been opposed to electoral reform?

Councillor Purcell:

I have always operated—

I am asking whether COSLA has always opposed electoral reform.

Councillor Purcell:

COSLA has been asked to give evidence on electoral reform. The consultation was undertaken, and COSLA's position is that it is for the status quo.

When the McIntosh commission consulted, COSLA's position was clear: it favoured electoral reform, provided that the strong link between councillor and constituent was maintained. What has changed?

Councillor Purcell:

I can only represent the current membership of COSLA and the vote that was taken in August. I must reflect the membership's opinions and decisions. COSLA's decision was in favour of the status quo. There is no evidence to suggest that electoral reform is required.

Tricia Marwick:

I want to pick up on the weaknesses of the status quo. Sylvia Jackson rightly asked for evidence of how STV works in the countries and areas that use it. We may not have that evidence at the moment, but we have evidence from the Scottish Executive, which commissioned research in 1999 on perceptions of local government under the first-past-the-post system. The research found:

"Typically only one or two people in any group of nine or ten people had had any contact with a councillor in the last ten years. Most however felt that they would be able to find out who their councillor was and make contact if they had a need to. Not knowing the identity of their councillor was not perceived to be a problem by participants."

How do you square that research evidence with your claim that the most important element is a councillor link and the relationship that councillors build up with their wards? The perception of most people in Scotland is that the councillor link is not that strong.

Councillor Purcell:

That idea has obviously been presented to you. There is ample evidence of a link between using services and having a positive perception of local government, while those who do not use the services have a negative stereotype of local government.

I have been an elected representative in my ward since 1986 and I assure the committee that there is a strong, identifiable link in that area. Nobody has clamoured to say in my consultations or through my mailbag that electoral reform is required now, has been required in the past or will be required in the future.

Tricia Marwick:

That is not my point. There is evidence that, with the first-past-the-post system, the identity of councillors within a ward is not too important, in the view of constituents. Some of the reasons that are given in the Scottish Parliament information centre briefing paper for not voting under the first-past-the-post system are that:

"nothing changed as a result of voting;

one party strongholds meant that it was not worthwhile to vote;"

and that

"minimal media coverage for local government elections meant that electors were less likely to vote".

There is plenty of evidence that the first-past-the-post system is not working.

Councillor Purcell:

I suggest that your points are more to do with the status of local government. You said that people do not vote because nothing changes as a result of voting. That might be the result of central control and direction from Parliament as to what local government can and cannot do or the ring fencing and direction of finances that are at the disposal of local government. It is obvious that, when we are allocated funds, it is in the best interests of the people whom we represent that we address their needs and requirements, but that clearly does not happen in the current system. The other factors that I mentioned to enhance the status of local government would do far more to increase participation and raise the status of local government with the electorate.

That PR will increase participation in local government has not been proven. There will be a better turnout as a result of recent changes following which local government elections will take place on the same day as Scottish parliamentary elections. That will do more to increase voter participation than any electoral reform and we wish to maintain that approach.

I have a simple question for both witnesses, then a follow-up question. Would the introduction of STV have any impact on the public's engagement with local authorities and local elections? A simple yes or no will suffice.

Councillor Scott:

Earlier, I said that the main impact would be that people would understand that if they voted for a candidate, they would have a better chance of getting that person elected, which would encourage them to vote. Given the rest of the package in the bill, I think that the introduction of that system would have an impact.

Councillor Purcell:

I think that the introduction of that system would have a negative impact. It was evident that some negativity was displayed in the Scottish parliamentary elections because of the change in the electoral system to one that certainly cannot purport to be a democratic electoral system. A member who stands under the first-past-the-post system could be elected under the list system if defeated, but he might not receive a single vote from those whom he wishes to represent. I think that there would be a negative impact and the change to a d'Hondt system would not rest easily with the electorate. An election under the STV system for local government on the same day as Scottish parliamentary elections would have a serious impact on participation.

Ms White:

I asked that question because we are losing sight of why many people think there should be change. The matter is not about somebody being elected; it is about people being represented and being able to take part in the democratic process. It is obvious that not only members of the committee but people in the country think that the electorate is not coming out to vote for the reasons that Iain Smith and Tricia Marwick have given. If two thirds of the electorate vote for a party, but only a third of that party's members is elected, people think that voting is not worth while. We are starting to lose sight of that, which is why I take issue with Councillor Purcell when he says that there is absolutely no evidence in favour of electoral reform.

The Executive's consultation has been cited. People's response to that consultation was that they do not want to vote, as their vote does not count. We must remember that 43 per cent of people do not even know who their local councillor is, while only 8 per cent contact a councillor. I feel that we are losing sight of what the one-member-one-vote system means and that we should focus on democracy and on encouraging people to vote.

What percentage of councils within COSLA say that PR would be a good thing? COSLA's report refers only to a minority, but do you know what the actual percentage is?

Councillor Purcell:

There are 24 local authorities in Scotland that are in favour of the COSLA position, which is the status quo. That leaves eight authorities that favour some type of electoral reform, but there is no agreement among those eight authorities on the type of electoral reform that they would like to be put in place.

So they are not actually against electoral reform per se.

Councillor Purcell:

You mentioned that the important issue is voter participation. Electoral reform will not increase voter participation. I mentioned people's perception that there is no need for them to vote. Other dimensions inform how effective local government can be in meeting the aspirations of the electorate. I have also mentioned the constraints that are currently faced. The unconstitutional position of local government does nothing to enhance that perception.

Councillor Scott:

As far as I am concerned, it is a question of putting people before politics, but perhaps that is a Borders thing. Last week I was in Dumfries, where there has been gerrymandering by the Tories to try to get the boundaries right so that they can win a seat there. There is evidence to suggest that a little of that goes on in the party-political arena in Scotland—I will not name any names. The people rather than the parties should be our priority.

You have just mentioned names, and you have managed to upset Keith Harding.

Mr Harding:

I wish that you had not said that.

Do the witnesses not feel that people may well be disillusioned and disappointed if they realise after the introduction of PR that they get greater representation but not greater influence? We have a form of PR in the Parliament, for example, and 45 per cent of the members are ignored. Do you believe, or do you have any evidence, that STV will lead to stronger and better governance of councils, when we have evidence to the contrary here in this establishment?

David Hume:

I refer back to the point that I made earlier. It does not help the argument if we consider the voting system exclusively, in isolation from anything else that local authorities do. Scottish Borders Council's view is that we should provide services in a joined-up way and be accountable at local level. To put it simply, in the Borders, it is likely that we will move to a system of area management where, for the bulk of services, the buck stops with the communities.

That does not mean that we are giving up the strategic role of the council as a whole. The council plainly has an important role in taking a strategic overview of investment and service planning. What really appeals to us is the idea of teams of members, elected on the basis of strong, coherent geographical areas, who work through our area committees and have a direct operational role in their communities to hold service managers to account. Those elected representatives would play their part in setting service standards for the delivery of services in their areas, all within a strategic framework developed by the council. It is in that context that the potential for a more consensus-based way of working will really have benefits at local level.

Councillor Scott:

In my view, proportional representation would strengthen councils, because it has been proven that more women, young people and—with the whole package in place—business people would be elected. That would take away from the fairly octogenarian type of activities that take place at the moment in council circles. It is bound to invigorate councils and what they do.

Does Councillor Purcell wish to add to that?

Councillor Purcell:

The question was about whether proportional representation would lead to stronger local government. I do not think that it would; I think that it would weaken local government. As the committee will be aware, a number of local authorities have changed their political management structures and operate cabinet systems. I do not think that coalitions lend themselves to the cabinet system, in respect of giving direct steers to officers when policy decisions have to be made. As Professor Curtice indicated at the COSLA convention in Crieff earlier this year, there would be little change to the political control of local authorities in Scotland under a system of proportional representation.

Mr Harding:

Multimember wards have been mentioned quite a lot. In the Borders in particular, have you considered the additional administrative burden that they create? I know as a list member of the Scottish Parliament that each constituency has eight MSPs, and that each MSP trails the same problems. I get constant complaints from the three chief executives with whom I deal about duplication and the amount of paperwork that all those people create. The same would happen in multimember wards. All the members would be chasing the same problems, because in most cases they would be from different political parties and they would not co-operate, as we have found here—it does not happen. I co-operate, but some members do not, and that creates conflict.

Councillor Scott:

I accept what you say, but that is politics. There will be people who want to get involved in other people's business, in particular when they are from different political parties. I do not think that multimember wards would be as difficult as the list system has proved to be with regard to cherry picking by some list members—I do not mean Keith Harding, I hasten to say, although I do not know. I joke. Cherry picking would probably carry on between list members and first-past-the-post members in wards, because that is the way of politics, but it would happen regardless of whether STV was brought in, because it happens with first past the post.

Councillor Purcell:

I do not think that it happens to the same extent. If five members represent Hawick and they are of three or four political persuasions—they would not all be of different persuasions—three or four different views will be illustrated to council officers, who will be at a loss as to how to resolve the situation.

I have one final question. Do you believe that the Kerley working group report was flawed, as it was not asked to consider first past the post as one of the options?

Councillor Purcell:

I can answer on behalf of COSLA. I believe that it was flawed, because that option was not available; it was Hobson's choice.

Councillor Scott:

I may be wrong, but I think that Kerley was asked specifically to go in that direction because first past the post was proven, tried and tested and in place, so everyone was fairly well aware of it. The new aspect was whether something else would be of benefit.

It would have been helpful to have a comparison.

Councillor Scott:

Yes.

Dr Jackson:

I have a comment that the witnesses may wish to say something about, which follows on from Sandra White's point. If I remember correctly, Keir Bloomer from Clackmannanshire Council gave evidence to us and said that although we are talking about PR, there are wider concerns, as outlined by George Purcell, about engaging the public more in the local democracy programme. We have discussed that today. Do you agree that PR on its own will not solve all the problems?

The second issue, which may be just as important, follows on from what Tricia Marwick said. I did not understand her line of argument. She seemed to say that according to a survey that the Scottish Executive undertook in 1999, the electorate would not have difficulty in contacting a councillor if they needed one. In all fairness, that is not the issue. The issue is how someone would know which councillor to go to in a multimember ward. Would they contact all the councillors?

That is why I keep asking: how would the system work on the ground? What advice would be given to the electorate to allow people to work their way through the system? As Keith Harding said, there are problems with the system for the Scottish Parliament.

David Hume:

The system that we are talking about is not the same as the system for the Scottish Parliament.

Just keep to the issue of multimember wards.

David Hume:

One strength of a multimember ward is that members of the local population have a choice about whom to go to. That choice might be based on a political preference, the issue of the moment or an elected member's position in the decision-making structures of the council. Multimember wards also allow people who have difficulties dealing with one elected member to take their concern to another member. Multimember wards open up choices for the electorate.

Councillor Purcell:

I disagree. The multimember ward system would lead to confusion. On the point about members' political persuasion, the citizen who goes to a councillor is not concerned about politics; they want a leaking pipe sorted or their bin emptied properly. The single-member ward system would allow the single member to take on responsibilities. Under a multimember system, if an answer from one elected member did not suit the citizen, they would go to the next elected member and the next one and so on. All those elected members would approach council officers for an opinion on the issue, which would lead to confusion and the perception that local government is too cumbersome and bureaucratic.

Dr Jackson:

Councillor Scott said that Newcastle City Council has a multimember ward system and that useful information is available. I would be happy to see any evidence that explains how such a system can work reasonably. As yet, nobody has produced such evidence.

Councillor Scott:

I reiterate that Newcastle uses a first-past-the-post system, so it is perhaps not a great example, although it has multimember wards. In each ward, three or four members work together and come to an agreement on which areas they will represent. I think that, in the system for the Scottish Parliament, most of the Conservative and SNP list members have designated areas. That is certainly true for the south of Scotland. Murray Tosh deals with the Borders and David Mundell has the central area of the south of Scotland. The members' areas do not overlap.

To some extent, the same could be done within a town. The issue would be to get the elected members together to work out a strategy. The complications that have been suggested would not be great if members came together in that way, although, as with everything in local government, there would be trials and tribulations.

David Hume:

The present system is supported through a range of protocols and ways of working. Elected members observe protocols in going about their business and dealing with members in other wards. From an officer's point of view, it is conceivable that multimember wards would work effectively if members held to given protocols about how they should operate and deal with queries and questions. If the existing protocols work, there is no reason why we could not devise a similar set of protocols to support the multimember ward system.

Iain Smith:

We could probably argue this topic all night and not convince anyone to change position. I want to raise a couple of points that the committee has responsibility for considering in its stage 1 report: first, the adequacy of the consultation on the bill; and secondly, the adequacy of the accompanying documents.

Do the witnesses think that there has been sufficient consultation on Tricia Marwick's bill? On the adequacy of the documentation, Scottish Borders Council has drawn attention to the fact that the financial memorandum is inaccurate about the costs that local authorities would incur. If a single transferable vote system were introduced, what additional costs might there be for local authorities?

David Hume:

The financial memorandum, as I read it, is not accurate. Costs for local government elections fall to local councils. Our paper stated that there would be other costs, especially in the early stages, for voter education, IT software, training and so on. Those costs would have to be met.

Currently, our democratic system is supplied very cheaply. The support that we ought to be providing, through on-going training and development of the staff involved, developing manuals and having those tested against quality standards, is not done because local authorities are simply not funded at a level that allows them to do that.

From my experience, I know that the process is so important that that ought to be done. We will be examining that area in the Borders. In addition to the funding that would be required early on, we should be funded to allow us to do the training required and to get the British kitemark stamped on our election manuals. The process is so important that the electorate deserves that.

Councillor Scott:

Frankly, the documentation is probably not enough. Currently, there is huge frustration within local government. In my view, the Scottish Executive has failed people and missed a golden opportunity to shine by not moving forward with the McIntosh and Kerley recommendations sooner. My predecessor and others have shouted long and hard at the Executive to get its act together and to move on this subject. Everything should have been in place for next May. It would have had a huge impact on local government. As it is, the voting system will more than likely be delayed until the next elections.

There are other issues in the bill that could have made so much difference. It is through frustration that I welcome the bill, even though there has not been as much work on it as perhaps there should have been.

Councillor Purcell:

I agree with John Ross Scott about the work that is required when promoting a bill that could make a fundamental change to local government in Scotland. We should have learned the lessons from local government reorganisation. That was proceeded with in haste and we are still living with the consequences.

The bill is brief. The financial implications for local government and, therefore, the Executive, have not been properly assessed. The policy memorandum contains no explanation of, or rationale for, the need for change. Much more evidence is required to show a need for change, and what, if any, that change should be. I restate COSLA's position that we see no evidence to back the case for electoral reform.

Tricia Marwick:

The witnesses from COSLA will be aware that the policy memorandum is entirely my responsibility. However, responsibility for the financial resolution rests with the Executive, and the Executive will no doubt identify all the potential costs in the stage 1 debate.

Following a COSLA meeting in Crieff, a member from COSLA said that, under proportional representation, only a very small number of councils would change political control.

Councillor Purcell:

That was Professor Curtice's opinion.

Tricia Marwick:

He said that only a small number of councils would change political control, but surely the issue is political representation, not political control. Do you think that it is a fair system that gives Labour 94 per cent of the seats in Midlothian Council on 46 per cent of the vote when the SNP has 31 per cent of the vote and no seats? Is it fair in Angus Council where the SNP has 72 per cent of the council seats on a vote of only 47 per cent, while Labour polled 18 per cent of the vote and has only three seats, or in East Dunbartonshire where the Liberal Democrats have won 42 per cent of the seats on 27 per cent of the vote, or in Stirling where the Conservatives have achieved 41 per cent of the seats on 27 per cent of the vote? Do you believe that the system is fair in Midlothian, Angus, East Dunbartonshire or Stirling Councils? Is the issue not about political representation for voters rather than political control for a small band of people who would like to keep it?

Councillor Purcell:

On the remark at Crieff—that was Professor Curtice's impression from the analysis that he had undertaken. I referred to it to show that even a tumultuous change like that would not have much of a direct impact on the composition of local authorities, but it would have a big impact on the electorate in respect of the confusion that would surround the change.

The question on the various local authorities is more of a party-political question. I am here to represent COSLA and state its views. That is what I am doing here today.

The Convener:

We have exhausted all the questions. I thank the witnesses for coming along and giving us your time. I am sorry that we have had to keep you waiting.

The last evidence in this session will come from Fairshare. I welcome its representatives to the committee once again; they have been here before. I welcome Andrew Burns, the chair of the Fairshare campaign committee; Amy Rodger, the campaign co-ordinator; Willie Sullivan, the campaign consultant; and Stewart Maxwell, a member of the Fairshare committee. I declare an interest, because I know Willie Sullivan. The witnesses have been here before, so they know the drill. Andrew Burns will speak for a few minutes, then I will open it up to questions.

Councillor Andrew Burns (Fairshare):

Thank you, convener. We are grateful for the chance to come back to the committee and give evidence this afternoon.

I am aware of the time, so I will keep my remarks as brief as possible. We have submitted a reasonably detailed paper to the committee, which I hope members have had a chance to read. I will make a few opening remarks then move directly to the four main topics that the committee asked for comments on in evidence on the bill.

I remind members that Fairshare is a cross-party and no-party campaign group. Most of the main parties are represented on the panel of witnesses this afternoon. I remind the committee that our sole aim is to see implementation of the single transferable vote system of PR for local government elections in Scotland.

As far as we can make out at Fairshare, the bill that is before the committee this afternoon is, in our humble opinion, in line with the recommendations of the McIntosh commission of several years ago. It is in line with the recommendations of the Kerley working group of several years ago and it is in line with the broad thrust of the results of the consultation on the Scottish Executive's white paper that came back over the summer. Having made those opening points, I will concentrate on the four topics that you asked us to highlight.

You asked us to speak about the reasoning behind the bill. The purpose of the bill is quite simply to enable the introduction of the single transferable vote system of proportional representation for local government elections. I do not think that there is anything else behind it. It would give effect to the recommendations of the renewing local democracy working group, which produced the Kerley report.

The approach that has been adopted seems to be identical to that which was adopted in Northern Ireland in 1972 and I am sure that the drafters of the bill have had a chance to look at the operation of the system there over the three decades that it has been in operation.

The bill is an enabling piece of legislation and is not prescriptive. We heard this afternoon that the enactment of STV for local government elections in Scotland is Scottish Executive policy. As far as we can make out, that is what this bill would do.

I will not spend too much time on the key issues that are raised by the legislation as the paper that we submitted as part of the white paper consultation was quite detailed in that regard. The most obvious effect of the legislation would be a change in the balance of party representation. I draw members' attention to the quotation of Michael Temple that is included in our submission. The research that he conducted in 1999 clearly showed that there would be more hung councils but that that would be a good thing for democracy. I will not labour that point as I think that, on the basis of all the evidence, there is no need to assume that hung councils result in less democracy. In fact, they result in more and better democracy. As far as we can make out, that view is in tune with the views of the vast majority of people who submitted papers to the consultation for the white paper during the summer. Again, the minister confirmed that earlier.

We think that the consequences of enacting the bill would be no different from those of enacting the proposed local governance bill that Peter Peacock was talking about. If Scottish Executive policy is to implement STV for local government elections, we cannot see any consequences that would flow from this bill that would not flow from the Scottish Executive's bill. We believe that this bill is one of the least prescriptive pieces of legislation that we have ever seen. It establishes the principle of implementing the single transferable vote but does not dictate how or when that must be done. As I said earlier, that is a similar tactic to that which was used in 1972 in Northern Ireland. Obviously, many election rules and regulations would have to be changed, but that could easily be done after the implementation of the bill and the text for those regulations could be lifted wholesale from those in Northern Ireland, where they have been in action for 30 years.

We believe that it is possible that all that could be done before the 2003 elections if the political will was present. It took three months in 1972 from the passing of the initial enabling piece of legislation in Northern Ireland to the full implementation of STV.

There would be a need for voter education, but I draw members' attention to the fact that, when the returning officers gave evidence to this committee, they made it quite clear that the introduction of STV would not create a problem for the electorate as long as there was adequate voter education. I think the minister acknowledged that.

Whether you pass the Proportional Representation (Local Government Elections) (Scotland) Bill or the Executive's bill, we will have to have voter education. There would have to be training for returning officers, but those involved in the Northern Ireland experience and our sister organisation the Electoral Reform Society are well versed in providing that training, which could easily be carried out in the run-up to any implementation.

You asked for my thoughts on the consultation that was undertaken before the introduction of the bill. Again, I have to say that proportional representation for local government elections has to be the most consulted-upon topic in local government history in Scotland, although that is not necessarily a direct result of the bill. The McIntosh commission, which was set up more than four years ago, carried out two consultations and rejected the first-past-the-post system in 1999. We then had the Kerley report on renewing local democracy, which came out clearly in favour of the single transferable vote more than two years ago.

We have now had a substantial consultation over the summer months, with 94 per cent support from the public for implementation of the single transferable vote system. Their opinion matters more than does COSLA's. The issue has been consulted to death and it is time for the Scottish Executive to enact something. We need to move away from debating the topic and to see something on the statute book.

The Convener:

Thank you. I was going to ask you about consultation, because the committee has to address it when we move to the general principles of the bill. However, you have answered my question by saying that you think that there has been enough consultation. As you said, the bill is an enabling bill. Do you think that there is an argument for having more detail of the proposed system in the bill?

Councillor Burns:

That is not strictly necessary. The bill proposes something similar to what happened in Northern Ireland. The author of the bill is here, so perhaps she could confirm whether she read the Local Government (Northern Ireland) Act 1972. It looks pretty similar. There is not a lot of detail in the bill. The Parliament could enact it and establish the principle. The detail and the "when" could be left entirely to the Parliament. The bill is not prescriptive and I do not see any contradiction in having an open-ended establishment of STV in a bill and having the detail worked out later, given that it has already happened in part of the British state—Northern Ireland, 30 years ago.

Mr Harding:

Good evening. At the outset I have to say that I did not raise the question of consultation—it was Iain Smith.

In your opening address you said that you talked to the minister and that introducing STV is the Executive's policy, but the Executive's policy is to offer a vote—either STV or first past the post. It is not its policy to introduce STV. You say that STV can be introduced within 12 weeks, but Tricia Marwick's memorandum says that in implementing STV it would be necessary to realign electoral wards, which would involve the Local Government Boundary Commission for Scotland. How could that be done in 12 weeks?

Councillor Burns:

I believe that what can be done in Northern Ireland can be done in Scotland. I really do not think that the issues are insurmountable and that we cannot introduce STV in 12 weeks. Northern Ireland faced exactly the same problems that we would face if we were to try to implement STV prior to 2003. It is possible to introduce STV in 12 weeks. Previous witnesses have made the point that we do not need a wholesale redrawing of the local government ward boundaries to implement the single transferable vote system in principle. It can be done through broad amalgamation of existing wards. It would make sense to take the opportunity of a review such as this to re-examine some of the boundaries, but there is no absolute need to redraw boundaries; we just need an amalgamation of existing boundaries. That is not a difficult technical matter.

Mr Harding:

Tricia Marwick's memorandum says that the boundary commission would have to make recommendations on new electoral wards if STV were introduced. At the moment, the commission is tied up with creating new constituencies for Westminster. Where will it find the time to examine local government ward boundaries in the next 12 weeks?

Councillor Burns:

I take your point, because I just gave evidence to the commission on the Westminster seats—across the road in the city chambers. I know that it is busy at the moment. But I do not think that it is impossible to implement STV prior to 2003. If it can be done in Northern Ireland in three months, I do not see why it could not be done in Scotland in three months.

How can we get it through the legislative programme in time, bearing in mind the commitments that have already been made?

Councillor Burns:

That is more a matter for you than for me—it is a matter of political priority.

It is a matter for the Administration, not for the Conservative party.

Dr Jackson:

I, too, know Willie Sullivan. Whenever I listen to Andrew Burns, I find that he is always most persuasive. No one around the table would disagree with the view that PR is a real incentive to vote. There is no doubt about that.

You have made two statements about STV. You have just told us that it has worked in Northern Ireland and, in your submission, you said:

"this stronger personal link between the electors and their councillors more than offsets the effects of introducing the multi-member wards that are necessary for any form of PR."

There are two points that I would like you to explain in the light of those statements. First, how do the electorate relate to a number of councillors within a ward? Secondly, how can one deal with the point that Keith Harding raised about the Scottish Parliament system, which involves duplication for council chief executives, who are constantly contacted by different MSPs?

Amy Rodger (Fairshare):

I will begin by discussing the councillor-ward link within multimember wards. The system works in England and in Ireland. The Electoral Reform Society has done studies on that. As you have asked about evidence a few times, we could obtain those studies and pass them on to the committee. There have also been a few academic studies and various pieces of research by the McIntosh commission.

To summarise our point, there were multimember wards in Scotland until 1996; there are multimember wards in England, under the first-past-the-post system; and there are multimember wards in Ireland, under STV. If the English and the Irish can cope, I am sure that the Scots can cope.

Dr Jackson:

I want to go into more detail. Although STV might work, we want the best system. You say:

"this stronger personal link between the electors and their councillors more than offsets the effects of introducing the multi-member wards that are necessary for any form of PR."

What do you mean by personal links? How does the system operate on the ground to achieve that personal link between the electorate and councillors? How do the electorate know whom to contact, for example? How does the system operate successfully?

Willie Sullivan (Fairshare):

The term "member-ward link" is used frequently. We need to unpack it, because it can be difficult to understand. We are talking about a psychological link between the member and the citizen, which is about much more than just being in a geographical area. That psychological link is reinforced by action. The democratic action of voting reinforces that link more than just living in an area does.

The psychological link is much stronger in an STV multimember ward system, because most people get a representative for whom they voted, through a democratic action. Such a system would create more of a link between those who are elected and their electorate than exists at the moment. At present, the majority of people in most wards voted against their representative, rather than for them. That is what we mean by a strong link.

Does the evidence show that members of the electorate would go to the councillor for whom they voted, rather than to the other four or five councillors? Is that how the system works? Is that how duplication is avoided?

Willie Sullivan:

That is probably true, but it is difficult for us to think outside a system that we are all used to working within. STV is about giving the electorate a choice, and that can only be better for democracy.

I am asking what happens in practice. In STV systems, will electors usually stick to one councillor whom they contact or will there be the kind of duplication that exists at the moment in the Scottish Parliament?

Willie Sullivan:

The Scottish Parliament is different because it has two types of member, whereas in an STV system the members would have the same democratic legitimacy because they would have been elected under the same system. The element of choice is perhaps a problem for the politicians, but you must ask yourselves whether it is a problem for the citizens. What happens in Ireland is probably the best example of an STV system. We will get you some information on that. I ask Amy Rodger to say a bit about the research.

Amy Rodger:

When you talk about duplication, you are approaching the situation from the politicians' point of view. The voting system should not exist to make life easier for the politicians; it should exist to make life easier for the voters. The problem of duplication arises when a voter does not get the service that they think that they should be getting from the politician or councillor whom they have approached first. If they do not get that service, they should be able to approach another councillor to try to get a better service. That may be inconvenient for the politicians, but the system should be about the voter getting the best out of their representatives.

I could come back on that issue, but I will not.

No, you will not.

Iain Smith:

Having PR and STV wards would increase choice if a woman wanted to speak to a woman representative, if an elderly person wanted to speak to an older representative or if a young person wanted to speak to a younger representative. Those choices could exist in a multimember ward but would not exist in a single-member ward—unless some very odd councillors were elected.

On a more serious note, I record an interest in Fairshare: I have supported some of the organisation's events and I know Amy Rodger well. You heard the evidence that COSLA gave earlier, claiming that there was no evidence to support the case for a change in the electoral system. I am sure that you will not agree with that from Perthshire's point of view. Perhaps you can give us a summary of the evidence that has been given to support the case for electoral reform.

Stewart Maxwell (Fairshare):

The evidence is overwhelming. Going back four or five years, the McIntosh commission took an unbelievable amount of evidence from thousands of individuals, community groups, businesses and other organisations. The evidence showed that PR was wanted in the local government democratic process. Later, Richard Kerley clearly found that, of the PR systems that he considered, the STV system was the choice of most groups and individuals. The evidence that you gathered over the summer was—almost unbelievably—94 per cent in favour of an STV system for local government elections. Back in 2000, System 3 conducted an opinion poll based on the question, "Would it be fairer to have elections under a PR system?" Again, right across the political spectrum and including those of no party, three quarters of the people surveyed supported the idea of having PR in local government elections. The evidence for PR—and for the STV system in particular—is overwhelming.

I inform Stewart Maxwell that the evidence that was taken over the summer was taken by the Scottish Executive, not by the committee.

Ms White:

I declare an interest. Although I do not know Willie Sullivan, I know Stewart Maxwell.

The committee has taken lots of evidence, some of which has stated that there may be greater confusion if we introduce another form of voting. Do you think that another form of voting would cause greater confusion among the public?

Councillor Burns:

No. I draw your attention to the evidence that was given to the committee by the electoral returning officers. They made it clear that, as long as there is adequate voter education, there should be no confusion. It is patronising to think that punters—ordinary voters—cannot cope with electoral systems. Although this might sound like a pun, the whole thing is as easy as one, two, three; it is not difficult or complicated. Compared with previous first-past-the-post elections, there were very few spoiled ballot papers in 1999 when, because of simultaneous local government and parliamentary elections, we had both additional member system and first-past-the-post elections on the same day. I am absolutely confident that voters would cope perfectly well if we had STV and AMS elections on the same day. The bigger question is whether local councils—I will not mention which ones—can count up the votes.

Stewart Maxwell:

The evidence suggests the contrary to what you implied in your question. For example, people in Northern Ireland cope admirably with a list system for elections to the European Parliament and a first-past-the-post system for UK parliamentary elections on the same day. Research that was carried out in 1999 among voters who took part in the first Scottish Parliament elections showed that they experienced little or no confusion.

Would the introduction of PR or an STV system mean greater democracy for the people of Scotland?

Amy Rodger:

Yes.

Stewart Maxwell:

Yes.

Councillor Burns:

Perhaps I should repeat what we said when we last gave evidence to the committee. We are not claiming for a second that we could magically add 10 or 15 per cent to the turnout. However, there is evidence to suggest that turnout would increase by 2, 3 or 4 per cent, which is still a significant rise. For all the reasons that Willie Sullivan, Amy Rodger, Stewart Maxwell and others have mentioned, such a system would improve democracy no end.

Tricia Marwick:

Do you accept that this whole discussion is about STV, not PR itself? The fact that some members might have had a bad experience with the voting system for the Scottish Parliament elections is not entirely helpful. We are dealing with STV. The system that was chosen for the Scottish Parliament elections had all the hallmarks of a political fix. Do you accept that an STV system is much more akin to what people, rather than politicians, actually want?

Councillor Burns:

We at Fairshare would say yes. Rather worryingly for politicians—of which I am one—the STV system takes power away from political parties and puts it into voters' hands. Frankly, that scares the hell out of politicians. However, as a democrat, I am all in favour of such a system, as it would break down party control and give individual voters greater political control. I do not doubt that, after several years of STV in local government elections, the Scottish Parliament will be keen to change its voting system.

Amy Rodger:

I should point out that that is not Fairshare's view—that is Andrew Burns's personal view.

Tricia Marwick:

Well, I share that view.

As you well know, I had hoped that an STVPR system would have been in place for the 2003 elections. That is now a distant hope. I agree that technically such a system could still be introduced, but any hope that that will happen is fading fast. Although I accept that the Northern Ireland elections were put together in 12 weeks, there was at least a political will behind that. Do you agree that it is important that we go into the 2003 elections with an enabling bill on the statute book that would allow the incoming Executive to propose an STVPR scheme for the 2007 elections?

Councillor Burns:

I am in danger of repeating myself. There is no practical reason why that could not happen before 2003. However, it is up to you and your colleagues in the Scottish Executive—not us—to address any questions of political will and realpolitik in that respect. Our clear campaign objective is to see STV on the statute book as quickly as possible. We still think that that could be done in 2003. There is nothing to prevent the bill's enactment at least to establish the principle, as happened in 1972. The Scottish Executive's bill—which the minister confirmed is on its way and will include STV—could come along later and expand on all the detail that Sylvia Jackson was asking for. There is no reason why those two pieces of legislation cannot happen sequentially. As I said, the question whether that happens—like the question of realpolitik—is a matter for you and your MSP colleagues in the Executive.

I thank the witnesses for attending this afternoon. You have been here before and I am sure that you will be here again. I am sorry that we kept you so late.

Meeting suspended until 17:37 and thereafter continued in private until 18:09.