Skip to main content
Loading…
Chamber and committees

Public Petitions Committee, 18 Mar 2008

Meeting date: Tuesday, March 18, 2008


Contents


Current Petitions


Adults with Learning Difficulties <br />(Provision of Services) (PE743)<br />“The same as you? A review of services for people with learning disabilities” (Implementation) (PE822)


“The same as you? A review of services for people with learning disabilities” (Findings) (PE881)

The Convener:

The next item is consideration of current petitions. The first three petitions have been broadly put together, but I recognise that there are differences between them. The petitions are PE743, PE822 and PE881. Essentially, they all relate to "The same as you? A review of services for people with learning difficulties", which the former Government adopted as its policy in this area. Its broad principles are still part of the new Government's strategy. The petitions call for a number of options around the implementation of "The same as you?", such as ensuring that people with learning disabilities are given the support to live at home like anyone else, and urging a review of services to ensure that those with profound and complex needs are properly cared for.

This substantial series of petitions has been in our system for a long time. Members have in front of them a lot of documentation on the petitions, which they have had the chance to look over. Are there any strong views on how to deal with the petitions? I am worried about the fact that they have been in the system for a substantial time. Given that the issues involved are fundamental ones about the dignity of human beings, I would like to think that we can do a bit more to change the dynamic of the petitions.

Robin, do you want to comment on any of this?

Not directly.

I thought you were nodding agreement with me, so I was going to let you in. Do committee members have any strong views on how we should deal with the petitions?

John Farquhar Munro:

There is a big problem nationally because "The same as you?" has not been implemented equally across the board. The fact that different local authorities have different criteria with regard to what should be provided under "The same as you?" is causing some educational establishments considerable difficulty. Certain establishments within the same local authority area are treating the programme in a different way to other establishments and we must be very sure about what is being proposed so that we have a level playing field in all local authorities.

Claire Baker:

Although the original petition has been around since 2004, there have been changes to local authority funding and it might be worth while asking the Scottish Government about the proportion of funding that will be allocated under the concordat to the services highlighted in the petitions.

The Convener:

That is an important point. Another issue is the timescale that we are talking about here. "The same as you?", which was a commitment made by the previous Government that is being continued under this Government, is all about local service redesign for individuals with disabilities and the amount of ownership that those people have. Having been involved with the policy at ministerial level, I realise that, as with the issues raised in the previous petition, when you try to drive these things forward you have to deal with tons of other things, and I do not think that we have got the approach absolutely right yet.

As a result, I suggest that we write to the minister, seeking a progress report on the current implementation of "The same as you?" and asking whether, if it is part of the new concordat with local government, anything has been put in place to demonstrate progress. When I was minister with responsibility for health, I would receive criticisms about our commitment to the policy on the ground. The fact that people were not receiving the same level of commitment was perhaps understandable, given that the policy was being interpreted differently in the 32 councils. While people in some local authority areas were benefiting from very good carers packages or allowances that had been set aside in social work budgets, people in other local authority areas were not getting the same things and therefore felt aggrieved. There were so many inconsistencies in the implementation of the policy that it, quite understandably, bounced back to the door of the minister.

This discussion is not unlike our previous discussion about the petition from Age Concern Scotland, as we are dealing with some of the most vulnerable people in our communities. We should seek a progress report from the Government—and I do not want to wait too long for it. It is suggested that we suspend consideration of the petition for six months. However, I think that we should see what progress has been made in implementing the policy, ask about the current situation with regard to the concordat and ask COSLA directly about how it is directing councils through the concordat to deliver "The same as you?" more effectively than they have in the past.

I am sorry that I have gone on a bit, but I want to pull everything together.

Should we put the ball in the Government's court and, instead of presuming that we know the answers to these questions, ask when it can tell us something substantive about its review of the local authority outcome agreements?

The Convener:

I think that we should be blunter than that. With these issues, unless you chap the door loudly, no one will hear you knocking. The fact is that the first of these petitions has been in the system since 2004 and the issue is still before us. We want to see what progress has been made. There are tons of things that should have been done, but have not. We are all culpable. No matter whether we are working at a local or national level, we are all responsible for dealing with these issues.

Can we also refer the petition to the appropriate parliamentary committee for information?

Fergus Cochrane:

We can give it a copy for information.

We should draw the matter to its attention. It might be interpreted as an antagonistic move, but that particular committee should be made aware of the situation.

Which committee are we talking about?

I would have thought that it would be the Health and Sport Committee, but we can let the clerks worry about that. Those are the kinds of questions that they anguish over in the night.


Family Law (PE944)

The Convener:

PE944, by Gary Strachan, calls on the Scottish Parliament to urge the Scottish Government to investigate why, under Scottish law, there is no presumption of equal access to children or equal residence for children with both parents after separation, and to investigate bias against fathers as equal parents in the court system, why contact orders are not enforced and why parental responsibilities and rights are ignored by medical, welfare and government institutions to children's detriment.

We have the papers for the petition. Do members have any observations on how we should deal with it?

Nigel Don:

The issue is of considerable personal interest. It is also of interest to several of my constituents. All that we can probably do is to write to the Scottish Government to remind it that there is a real issue here and to ask it what it is doing. Point (c) in the letter from the Government, which refers to the investigation into why contact orders are not enforced, is a bone of considerable contention. Although I understand why the research exercise was not procured—I know that there are ways of doing things and that in this case they did not quite work—quite a number of folk out there are anxious for progress on the issue. The excuse may be fine, but excuses will not do. We have to find a way forward and we should be encouraging the Government to do that.

I notice that there is a project on data collection in selected sheriff courts that is due to report in March 2009. I wonder why it takes us so long to do research. Eighty per cent of what you are going to find out, you discover in the first month, qualitatively if not quantitatively. I do not understand why we cannot get a handle on what is going on sooner than the final report, which always seems to be far too late.

That is a helpful suggestion. We have all got caseload that shows up substantial anomalies in the court system, particularly on parental rights for men. Let us try to explore that. Does anyone have any other observations on the petition?

John Farquhar Munro:

The strange thing is that if a court order is made for access for one or other parent and agreed and stipulated through the court, but is not adhered to or is violated, nothing happens. Why is that? If someone was in breach of any other kind of court order, they would be in Barlinnie tomorrow.

The Convener:

I have yet to confront that experience, John. Note the word "yet".

We have been dealing with the petition for a while, but there are still unresolved issues. Despite the recent changes in child contact and sheriff orders and so on, in the past month at least three other elected members have in general conversation raised with me the lack of enforcement of court orders and access being ignored by individuals. That is not acceptable in respect of the legislative framework. Let us explore the options that were raised by Nigel Don. We will not close the petition until we get some response on that basis. Is that agreed?

Members indicated agreement.


Sleep Apnoea (PE953)

The Convener:

PE953, from Ms Jean Gall, on behalf of the Scottish Association for Sleep Apnoea, calls on the Scottish Parliament to urge the Executive to increase awareness of sleep apnoea, to promote proper diagnosis and treatment and to provide sufficient resources to tackle the health problems that are associated with obstructive sleep apnoea. Do members have suggestions on how we should deal with the petition? It has been in the system for nearly two years, which is a lengthy period to be in the petitions structure.

Nanette Milne:

It is a significant issue. I do not know how many road accidents and so on have been caused by someone falling asleep at the wheel because they suffer from the condition. I note that there is to be a review of Scottish intercollegiate guidelines network 73 in 2008-09. We need an update on how quickly those guidelines will be updated.

The Convener:

Do members want to close the petition or will we wait for the update? The Government is writing to all national health service boards to identify issues at a local level and to raise awareness of the needs of sufferers. Would Nanette Milne like to explore the issue further?

Within the past year, I have been informed by one constituent that things are not the same in all health boards—there is better provision in some than in others. I would like to know that they are all on an equal footing.

Will we pursue that issue and try to bring the petition back a bit more expeditiously once we get that information?

Members indicated agreement.


Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (PE965)

The Convener:

PE965, by Dean Widd on behalf of Parent Project UK Muscular Dystrophy (Scotland), calls on the Parliament to urge the Government to ensure that sufficient funding and resources are available to ensure that the needs of people with muscular dystrophy are met.

The petition is straightforward and we want to make progress. I suggest that we write to the Government to ask whether any action will result from the meeting held between campaigners and the Minister for Public Health. That will allow us to determine how best to proceed.

A members' debate was held on this issue not so long ago, at which the minister made sympathetic noises.

This is another petition that has been in the system for nearly two years. We shall try to get a response from the Government quickly.

Members indicated agreement.


Swimming Pools (Investment) (PE966)<br />Leisure Facilities (PE990)


Community Sports Facilities (PE1041)

The Convener:

PE966, PE990 and PE1041 are mainly to do with community leisure facilities and investment in swimming pools. They have been in the system for a long time: the most recent goes back to this time last year, but one goes as far back as June 2005. We have many papers to consider; the petitioners have been lobbying at various levels, not only here at the Parliament.

The Health and Sport Committee is undertaking an inquiry into pathways into sport. I have been involved in the issue, and a key factor is that the range of facilities is uneven throughout Scotland. That can inhibit participation. Another key factor is the statistics on health. Robin Harper has consistently raised the issue of outdoor recreation centres, which he is very keen on.

We should refer these three petitions to the Health and Sport Committee, to assist it with its inquiry. However, we could keep them open for our benefit.

Fergus Cochrane:

If you refer them on, they will pass to the other committee.

Do members agree that the other committee would be the most appropriate one to deal with these petitions?

Nigel Don:

I do not disagree with that suggestion, but I am reading the last paragraph of a letter from one of the petitioners, which says:

"As stated in our previous correspondence we do not believe the Petitions Committee have progressed this petition in the slightest."

To those who examine what we do, I want to stress that we do not have any executive power. We can write letters, we can encourage, we can exhort, and we can state our opinion on the record, as we do. However, because we have no executive power, there will be occasions—and this may well be one of them—when nothing much seems to happen in three years. That is not for want of trying. It may be that one or two petitioners do not understand the process and assume that we have magic wands when, in fact, we do not.

The Convener:

There is an opportunity. A major inquiry into a policy area is being undertaken by a committee. Substantive issues that petitioners have raised might be dealt with there.

As has rightly been said, some questions thrown up by petitions are to do with local partnerships and commitments on investment. The answers are in the power of others. We are all in this together in Scotland—whether we are MSPs, councillors or petitioners. We have to raise the issue of sport as a tool for improving our country. There is a long way to go. We had brief hope after the Calcutta cup last week, but that hope was dashed again on the grass of Italy. There are highs and lows. That is my modest interpretation of events last Saturday, as opposed to my immodest contribution to 80 minutes of football.


Plants (Complaints) (PE984)

The Convener:

PE984, by Colin Watson, on behalf of Scothedge, calls on the Scottish Parliament to introduce legislation to provide local authorities with the power to deal with complaints regarding vigorous growing trees, hedges, vines or other plants. I welcome Jamie Stone MSP, who is here because he has a particular interest in the subject. Members have the papers relating to the petition before them. Would Jamie like to say something? He has been patient with us this afternoon.

Jamie Stone (Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross) (LD):

I thank you, convener, and the committee for allowing me to join you for this agenda item. The issue that the petition raises is not solely an urban phenomenon; it exists in my far-flung constituency as well, and my constituents are on to me about it—even those who live in the wee fishing village of Balintore. There is an element of frustration out there because we have been talking about the issue for so long and nothing has been done, although Scott Barrie, who is no longer an MSP, put in some laudable work to advance the situation.

I appreciate the point that is made in the papers that the Scottish Government is considering the issue and that the committee should perhaps wait to see what happens. I am very much in the committee's hands. I just wanted to say that the issue is not simply one that affects urban areas; it affects places in Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross as well.

John Farquhar Munro:

I sympathise with Jamie Stone, my colleague from Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross—a constituency that is substantially overgrown by trees. However, that is not the problem. I get complaints about the issue in my constituency of Ross, Skye and Inverness West, where neighbour disputes often develop because of high trees and hedges.

Away back in the first session of the Parliament, a petition was lodged that called for the restriction of hedges to a height of 2m—that petition has obviously got lost in the files somewhere. The next time that we debated the subject was when Scott Barrie's proposal for a bill was brought before the Parliament in 2006. A lot of growth has taken place since then, but very little has happened. I hope that the committee will take a firm view on the issue, so that we can have effective legislation to alleviate the problem.

Nigel Don:

I challenge any local councillor to put their hand up and say that they have not met this problem over recent years. It does not matter where one is—these hedges seem to pop up, and they grow very quickly. I wonder whether we can check with the Government whether the matter can be dealt with by anything other than primary legislation. If it were made clear to us that, as a matter of law, the minister could do something useful through regulation, that would lay out clearly what we could do. If it is a matter of passing primary legislation, we need to encourage somebody—even if it is a member of the committee—to introduce a bill as soon as possible. There is a general feeling that we need legislation. However, if the responsible minister—whoever that may be—can address the problem through regulation, we must encourage him to do so. He will probably argue that the matter is being reviewed and will be dealt with in due course, but I would like an answer to my question if that is possible, please.

Okay. We have a couple of suggestions from committee members. We will keep the petition open and will explore some of the points that have been raised by the petitioner. Is that agreed?

Members indicated agreement.


Information Plaques (PE1012)

The Convener:

PE1012, by Frank Beattie, calls on the Parliament to urge the Government to adopt a nationally co-ordinated and nationally funded scheme for marking people, events and places by erecting informative plaques at sites of local, regional, national or international importance. The petition is fairly straightforward, and I think that there will be broad consensus that we should write to the Government to suggest that it pull together individuals with an interest in the issues to see whether the idea is worth exploring. I do not think that there is anything unreasonable in our at least trying to open up that debate. Is that agreed?

Members indicated agreement.


Advice Agencies (Annual Monitoring) (PE1096)

The Convener:

PE1096, by William McCormack, on behalf of Dumfries Welfare Rights, calls on the Parliament to urge the Government to take action to ensure that all advice agencies in receipt of lottery or public funding exceeding £25,000 a year are subject to annual compulsory monitoring by specialist independent audit or peer review bodies to assess the standard and quality of the advice that is given.

We have seen the papers—I am open to members' views on what we wish to do with the petition, given the information that we have gathered and the observations that have been made by agencies that have responsibility for some of the issues.

Robin Harper:

I am content that what is in place at the moment is sufficient. To impose those conditions on any agency that receives more than £25,000—which is one person's salary—would mean monitoring every single person in the country who provides advice in one way or another. There is nothing to suggest that what is currently in place is not sufficient and adequate. I am happy for the petition to be closed.

Is that the view of committee members?

Members indicated agreement.


Public Sector Contracts (PE1097)

The Convener:

PE1097, also by William McCormack, on behalf of Dumfries Welfare Rights, seeks legislation—or enhanced enforcement of existing legislation—to make it an offence for any local authority or public sector body to award a contract with a value exceeding £25,000 without first adopting a competitive tendering and best value-based approach.

We have the papers in front of us. Do members have any strong views? The views that members expressed on the previous petition probably apply to this petition, too. Given the provisions of the Local Government in Scotland Act 2003, existing European Union procurement law and Audit Scotland's role, mechanisms are in place to address some of the petitioner's concerns. On those grounds, do members agree to close the petition?

Members indicated agreement.


School Buses (Seat Belts) (PE1098)

The Convener:

PE1098, by Lynn Merrifield, on behalf of Kingseat community council, calls on the Parliament to urge the Scottish Government to make provision for every school bus to be fitted with three-point seat belts for every school child passenger. I am sure that that is part of local authorities' best-value contracts, in relation to the provision of school buses. The petitioners have appeared in front of the committee, and we have subsequently received papers in response to some of our inquiries. Do members wish to take any further action on the petition?

Nanette Milne:

This issue has probably affected a number of us—it has been raised with me in my constituency. We know that Moray Council, for instance, provides seat belts in buses. It would be interesting to ask the Scottish Government for its views on the position in Moray and what bearing that would have on other councils. Scotland's Commissioner for Children and Young People has made the interesting suggestion that there should be a children's rights impact assessment to examine whether not having such safety measures in some way infringes the rights of children.

The Convener:

We will explore the petition further in relation to the children's rights impact assessment. Moray Council has provided seat belts in all school buses, and it might be useful to find out what discussions are taking place within COSLA in relation to guidance on the issue.


Planning Applications (PE1101)

The Convener:

PE1101, by David Milne, calls on the Parliament to urge the Government to ensure that all relevant planning policies and guidance are adhered to and to consider the circumstances under which Scottish ministers instruct local inquiries when planning applications, such as that for a housing and golf development at Balmedie, are considered.

The issue has prompted much public discussion, and it has been discussed in another parliamentary committee. Do members have any views on the petition?

Nanette Milne:

I declare an interest, in that I have publicly expressed support for the petition. Beyond that, I think that the issue has been aired significantly both inside and outside the Parliament, and I question whether the committee can do anything further. I therefore suggest that we close the petition—if it is in order for me to do so, having said that I have an interest in the matter.

The Convener:

Okay. We will close the petition on the basis that a more appropriate committee has had a chance to explore the detail of the issues that it raises, although I understand that that committee arrived at a firm set of conclusions that not everybody was happy with.


Rural Post Offices (PE1102)

The Convener:

PE1102, by Bill Herd, calls on the Parliament to urge the Government to assess the impact that the United Kingdom Government's recent announcement on the future of the post office network—concerning both sub-post offices and Crown post office relocation—will have on rural communities in Scotland such as Galashiels. Members have the clerk's paper in front of them, and the papers that we have received from the petitioner have also been made available. Do members have any comments to make on the petition?

Robin Harper:

Some kind of impact assessment needs to be made, and we must find out whether the Scottish Government is the most appropriate—or the only appropriate—body to approach to carry out that impact assessment. I am not certain about that; another body might be interested in carrying out an impact assessment. However, there is no doubt that there are many knock-on effects every time that a rural post office is closed. Many members of the community—especially older people, such as pensioners, and others who rely on post offices for a lot of services—might not have regular access to transport. That aspect and the impacts on those people need to be measured properly so that we have the full picture of how serious the situation is.

The Convener:

All members—whether they represent rural or urban areas—recognise the fact that a pretty difficult programme has been put forward. That is the best euphemism that I can find for the proposals.

The first issue is the impact on the wider community. The second issue is whether there are alternative models of provision that could be positively engaged with. My criticism of the present process is that, when alternatives have been suggested, the access criteria are defined so strictly that they do not allow flexibility, with the result that others cannot deliver services from sites in the localities concerned. If we have any message to send to the Post Office, it is that it should be engaging in that process. I understand the economic situation in which the Post Office Counters network currently has to operate. We all have different views about that, and we have to deal with the difficulties that the situation throws up for us all. However, I am intrigued to know how we can get greater flexibility in the system.

An impact assessment is a good suggestion, and we should certainly recommend it.

An environmental impact assessment could be part of that process. One imagines that hundreds of extra car journeys will be necessary—for those who have cars—when a rural or small-town post office is closed.

Nanette Milne:

I agree. A decision has been made by the Westminster Government that a certain number of post offices must close, and we must work within that to get the most appropriate outcome for Scotland. Many parts of rural Scotland will suffer significant deprivation as a result of that decision.

John Farquhar Munro:

We are fighting the battle with both hands tied behind our back. Control of the post office network is outwith the Scottish Parliament's remit, but we see the havoc and devastation that the UK Government's decision is likely to cause and is already causing. Our electorate would expect their MSPs to continue the dialogue and try to retrieve as much as we possibly can.

John Wilson:

As John Farquhar Munro has pointed out, we have both hands tied behind our back because of the numbers to be closed that have been set by the United Kingdom Government. Essex County Council recently decided to continue to support some post offices, and I believe that one Scottish local authority has taken that decision on board and is considering ways of retaining post office services in particular communities. It might be useful to find out about that. In particular, we should find out what that council is doing to retain post offices, and what services will still be provided. The Scottish example might be a better example than the Essex one to give local authorities in Scotland, COSLA and the Scottish Government. Scottish local authorities should be looking into the issue and taking decisions so that they can continue to support local post offices.

Clearly, we are tied by the UK decision. I represent one of the last areas to be considered when it comes to decisions on closures, and I fear that, if the target numbers for Scotland have not been reached, the remaining closures will be lumped into central Scotland. Rural and small communities have real concerns about whether the proposed closures will happen and how they will happen.

There are hopeful signs that local authorities and others are working on the issue, but it might be worth while asking the Scottish Government what assistance it can offer local authorities that decide to support local post offices.

I was going to make much the same point. When Mr Swinney made his statement to Parliament, he spoke about innovative solutions to retain postal services, especially in rural areas.

The Convener:

Helpful suggestions have been made, and we should take them up with the Scottish Government in relation to the rural development programme and local authorities.

The Post Office has to engage in the process with a much more open mind than it has had to date. Like many members, I have had to deal with the difficult issues relating to closures. In one part of my constituency, I thought that we had an innovative model, but circumstances meant that it was not accepted. However, a wee bit more flexibility will benefit us all. I hope that we can communicate that message.


Violence against Women (PE1103)

The Convener:

PE1103, by Susan Moffat, calls on the Parliament to urge the Government to prioritise the development of strategic work on violence against women by following the three Ps approach: active prevention of violence against women and children; adequate provision of quality support services for women and children; and appropriate and effective legal protection for women and children.

The petition raises several big issues. Over the past eight years, we have made progress in Scotland on the legislative framework for tackling domestic violence. Such violence has affected men, but there are compelling statistics that it has a disproportionate effect on women and children. We have been creating a framework in which there can be co-ordinated services and support for people in difficulty. New communities are emerging in Scotland and it is important that the framework is sensitive to cultural issues in different communities.

What are members' views on the petition?

Claire Baker:

We should ask the Government for more detail on a number of issues raised by the petition. Scottish Women's Aid still has concerns about the spending review and the concordat, and about the impact that they will have on services. We should ask the Government for details on the action that it is taking.

The Convener:

We might also want to ask about the development of strategies and about the domestic abuse court, which has been debated in the chamber.

Part of the discussion on the concordat and where people stand on the issue is about the services that are in place at the local level. The concern about agencies that depend on funding from local councils is that if such funding is not part of councils' central commitments, voluntary sector grants might be reduced. That might have an impact on bodies such as Scottish Women's Aid. Let us explore those issues and wait for a response from the Government and COSLA.

John Wilson:

I suggest that we ask the Government how it will measure the results of its recently launched information campaign to tackle violence against women and children and whether it has been a success. It would be useful to find out how the Government plans to carry forward any assessment and whether it can furnish us with the results.

It would be important for the Government to give us details of what it is doing to educate children and young people about the issue. There was a recent members' debate about that, which is a key issue.

That is helpful. We will deal with those suggestions.


Wind Farm Developments (PE1104)

The Convener:

The final petition is PE1104, by Dixie Dean. At first, I thought that the petition was going to be about a commemorative plaque for the hat trick in the 1972 final—sometimes we wish for too much. In fact, the petition asks the Scottish Parliament to urge the Government to consider the impact of mechanical vibrations that are transmitted down through wind turbine installations to peat, soils, invertebrates, fungi and bioaerosols, which lie at the base of the food chain, when it considers applications for onshore wind farms, and to commission research into the impact of such vibrations on such habitats and species.

Do members have any suggestions on how we should deal with the petition?

Nigel Don:

Having read the papers, I found it quite interesting that, as one would perhaps have predicted, there are very different technical views on the possibilities and on the value—or otherwise—of the evidence. I hope that members will forgive me for not knowing what we can do with the petition. Does the Scottish Government have a chief scientist?

Yes.

Nigel Don:

In that case, should we write to the chief scientist—or the chief engineer or whoever—to ask him or her whether he or she has an opinion on the evidence that is in front of us, and whether the area is important? I do not think that we are qualified to judge the evidence, and I would not want to put anyone else under pressure.

Surely any problems would be highlighted by the environmental impact assessment that is required before planning consent is given.

Nigel Don:

Given my previous experience, I observe that you do not find problems that you do not look for and that you do not get answers to questions that you do not ask. If you are not looking for a problem in the soil, you will not find one. I am not convinced that there is a problem, but it is not for me to judge.

John Wilson:

It is incumbent on the committee to ask the Government what considerations it will take on board in future plans for onshore wind farms to ensure that there is a full environmental impact assessment. Such an assessment should take into account the impact of vibration. Some of the submissions that we have received are quite interesting. We tend to forget the things that grow and live beneath the soil when we carry out environmental impact assessments. It would be useful if the committee could advise the Government that it should take on board the effect of vibration when it carries out such assessments. I know from my experience of industrial life that a number of things that have happened in industry were never assessed properly, with the result that, years later, we have to live with impacts on human life and other life. With the knowledge that we have, we should measure everything within our capability to ensure the future existence of subsoil life.

Are we happy to progress the petition on the basis of those comments and observations by members?

Members indicated agreement.