Chamber and committees

Government budgets contribute to alleviating the climate emergency through a range of investments, including spend that reduces greenhouse gas emissions towards net zero, spend that delivers emissions reductions through a fair and just transition, and spend focussed on adapting to the effects of climate change.

The 2021-22 Budget increased low carbon capital investment across government to over £1.9 billion, comprising 36% of overall capital spend. This proportion has risen from 29% in 2018-19, when reporting began. In March, following budget negotiations, the Cabinet Secretary for Finance committed to a further £40 million in capital investment for active travel and energy efficiency initiatives that align with our green recovery and net zero ambitions. These figures that we track on low carbon capital investment, as mentioned above, provide only a partial picture of the wide range of investments across all government spend that contributes towards alleviating the climate emergency.

Some of our key commitments on climate change in this budget include increasing our Heat in Buildings investment by £30 million to £213.4 million; increasing forestry investment by £26.9 million to £121.2 million; committing £40 million for our Agricultural Transformation Fund to assist the sector in reducing greenhouse gas emissions; and committing the first £165 million of our £2 billion Low Carbon Fund, including: £14 million for the Green Jobs Fund, £25 million for bus priority infrastructure and £15 million for zero emissions buses.

I refer the member to the answer to question S6W-01283 on
‎ 16 August 2021. All answers to written Parliamentary Questions are available on the Parliament's website, the search facility for which can be found at https://www.parliament.scot/chamber-and-committees/written-questions-and-answers

It is not possible to accurately quantify the future associated with COVID-19 related health problems at this time, as we are still in the midst of the pandemic. Some of these impacts may not be tangible immediately but are likely to become more evident over time.

We need a better understanding of the frequency, nature and impact of health complications caused by COVID before an assessment can be made of future costs. This includes the cost of providing support for people with long COVID.

The Scottish Government has invested £2.5 million funding for nine Scottish-led research projects relating to the long-term effects of COVID-19. We continue to engage with NHS Boards to identify their support needs in relation to delivering care and support to people with long COVID.

Plastic and other littered and flytipped materials represent a loss of resources, which contribute to the climate crisis and have the potential to impact biodiversity. Policy interventions are being developed to reduce this impact and a robust analysis of the environmental impact, through Strategic Environmental Assessments, is an essential part of that process.

We have already published an Environmental Report alongside our consultation on banning a number of commonly littered single use plastic items, as per the requirements of the EU Single Use Plastic Directive. Additionally, we will undertake a further Strategic Environmental Assessment when developing our new National Litter and Flytipping Strategy.

The responsibility for the delivery of prisoner healthcare, including services to women living in the new community custody units in Dundee and Glasgow, rests with local NHS Boards.

The Scottish Government is working collaboratively with the SPS, NHS Tayside and NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde to determine what the healthcare provision will be in the community custody units. We are aiming to deliver a healthcare model that better meets the healthcare needs of women in custody and aligns with the transformative vision for the new female prison estate.

The Scottish Government recognises the vital importance and multiple benefits of appropriate tree planting and development of green spaces and we are working hard with a range of stakeholders, including local authorities, to encourage and support these activities.

In terms of planning, measures in this area include The Planning (Scotland) Act 2019, which requires planning authorities to prepare and publish a ‘forestry and woodland strategy’ setting out the planning authority’s proposals in their area as to the development of forestry and woodlands, including the expansion of woodlands of a range of types to provide multiple benefits to the physical, cultural, economic, social and environmental characteristics of the area.

Scottish Planning Policy (SPP) also states that ‘Planning should protect, enhance and promote green infrastructure, including open space and green networks, as an integral component of successful placemaking.’ SPP sets out that local authorities’ local development plans should seek to enhance existing and promote the creation of new green infrastructure.

Enabling redevelopment of vacant and derelict land has been identified as a key consideration and more information about this will feature in a draft National Planning Framework (NPF4), which will be laid in parliament in autumn 2021.

There are a number of measures in place to support local authorities in the planting of trees and development of green spaces. This year we opened our new £50m low carbon Vacant and Derelict Land Investment Programme to applications from all Scottish local authorities and Clyde Gateway Urban Regeneration Company. It will help unblock the reuse of persistent vacant and derelict land, especially in disadvantaged areas, and bring forward opportunities for new green infrastructure, as part of place based approaches to regeneration and support to a just transition to net zero.

We are also investing in the quality of our greenspaces with the development of the Central Scotland Green Network, Europe’s largest greenspace project. Through this fund we have invested more than £7 million since 2010 in projects that are promoting active travel, woodland planting, community growing and restoring land.

The Scottish Government recently launched the Nature Restoration Fund (NRF), which included £5 million going to Local Authorities to support new or existing projects that will help address the twin crises of biodiversity loss and climate change. These may well include tree planting and development of green spaces.

In the Programme for Government 2020-21, we announced our intention to pilot Miyawaki forests, which are also known as ‘tiny’ or ‘wee’ forests. These are small densely planted, fast growing woodlands largely planted in urban areas. The Scottish Government, alongside NatureScot, are currently exploring options for delivery, which will involve Local Delivery Partners, such as local authorities.

Scottish Forestry also offer grants to tenants and occupiers of local authority land who have a tenancy or occupancy agreement for 20 years or more to plant trees where the local authority has no plans to do so on the same area. Scottish Forestry also provide grants for creating a management plan for woodlands in and around towns (WIAT), and supports communities active on local authority land through the Forestry Development Fund.

As a result of declining numbers of female high secure patients in Scotland, the decision was taken to close the female facility at The State Hospital in 2009. However, both the Independent Review into the Delivery of Forensic Mental Health Services and the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment have called for a female high secure service in Scotland to be reinstated.

Our formal response to the Independent Review will be published soon and we continue to work with key stakeholders to ensure female high secure provision is available for Scotland and that women’s pathways in forensic mental health services are improved.

I have asked Teresa Medhurst, Interim Chief Executive of the Scottish Prison Service (SPS), to respond. Her response is as follows:

1. It is anticipated that the replacement for HMP Barlinnie (HMP Glasgow) will be completed in 2026.

2. HMP Glasgow is estimated to open during 2026. A Planning Permission in Principle application was submitted to Glasgow City Council in December 2019 who subsequently approved the application and issued the planning decision notice, in August 2020. Full details of the application are publicly available on Glasgow City Council’s Planning Portal.

The Scottish Government has consistently called for the furlough scheme to remain in place for as long as it is needed to support businesses as we move through recovery. The UK Government should make it clear to businesses and workers, well in advance of the furlough scheme ending, what further assistance will be in place to support jobs and necessary labour market transitions in sectors that are most deeply impacted by Covid. Provisional figures from HMRC show at 31st May, 173,100 jobs (7% of eligible jobs) in Scotland were being supported by the Job Retention Scheme. This is a slightly lower than the UK (8%) and a fall of 102,600 from April when 11% of eligible employments in Scotland were on the scheme.

Whilst these figures show those on furlough are reducing, there is still a significant number of jobs which continue to be supported by this scheme. The Scottish Government is doing all it can to protect Scotland’s economy and ensure that as many people as possible on furlough keep their jobs. Our ambitious 10 year National Strategy will drive Scotland’s economic transformation, helping the country recover from COVID-19 and transition to a net zero economy, prioritising investment in the industries of the future and delivering new, good and green jobs.

We know that high quality early learning and childcare (ELC) can make a huge difference to children’s lives, particularly those experiencing the most disadvantage. That is why we target funded ELC to two year olds who are most likely to benefit from early access. This includes children who have experienced care themselves or have a parent who has, and children whose family receive a ‘qualifying benefit’, (including out of work benefits or income-related benefits).

We estimate this eligible group equates to around a quarter of the total two year old population. Within this group there will be children who require additional support for learning and the Education (Additional Support for Learning) (Scotland) Act 2004 (‘the 2004 Act’) extends to children in funded ELC. The 2004 Act places duties on education authorities to identify, provide for and review the additional support needs of their children. More information on how the 2004 Act supports children in funded ELC can be found in the refreshed Statutory Guidance here: Early learning and childcare: statutory guidance - July 2021 - gov.scot (www.gov.scot).

In addition to the increased number of funded hours of ELC (rising from 600 to up to 1140 hours a year from August 2021) local authorities have discretion to offer funded or subsidised ELC that goes beyond the existing legal entitlement. Local authorities can and do use this discretion to accept referrals from health visitors and other agencies for children who they believe will benefit from this provision who may not meet the statutory criteria for a 2 year old place.

The Scottish Government has also committed to expanding funded early years education to all 1 and 2 year olds, starting with children from low-income families in this Parliamentary session. As we develop future policy we will continue to consider the best way to support our youngest children with additional support needs.