To ask the Scottish Executive whether survival rates from cardiac arrest have increased or declined and how they compare with rates in other European countries.
The following table shows the number of hospital stays where cardiac arrest is recorded as the main, or secondary diagnosis, in any episode within the hospital stay, combined with the number of out-of-hospital registered deaths where cardiac arrest is recorded as the underlying or a contributing cause of death, and the estimated number and percentage of patients discharged alive at the end of an acute continuous inpatient hospital stay. Data are shown for Scotland over the past 10 years. No comparable data are available centrally for other European countries.
Year Ending 31 March | Number of Cardiac Arrests | Number of Cardiac Arrest Patients Admitted to Hospital | Estimated Number of Cardiac Arrest Survivors Discharged Alive from Hospital | Estimated % of Cardiac Arrests Discharged Alive from Hospital |
2001 | 2,802 | 1,812 | 442 | 15.8% |
2002 | 2,557 | 1,687 | 413 | 16.2% |
2003 | 2,637 | 1,728 | 401 | 15.2% |
2004 | 2,353 | 1,532 | 362 | 15.4% |
2005 | 2,328 | 1,556 | 360 | 15.5% |
2006 | 2,128 | 1,394 | 356 | 16.7% |
2007 | 2,004 | 1,232 | 331 | 16.5% |
2008 | 1,974 | 1,307 | 361 | 18.3% |
2009 | 1,744 | 1,151 | 335 | 19.2% |
2010P | 1,652 | 1,117 | 349 | 21.1% |
PProvisional
Source: ISD Scotland.
Deaths occurring in the community, in the ambulance or on arrival in the accident and emergency department and recorded as myocardial infarction may have been from a cardiac arrest. It is important to note that data on out-of-hospital deaths from cardiac arrest are probably under estimates and hence the survival rates are likely to be overestimates.
Notes:
1. The basic unit of analysis for these figures is the number of cardiac arrests recorded either in a continuous stay (CIS) in hospital or on a death registration. Probability matching methods have been used to link together death registrations from the General Register Office for Scotland (GROS) and individual SMR01 hospital episodes for each patient, thereby creating linked patient histories. Within these patient histories, SMR01 episodes are grouped according to whether they form part of a continuous spell of treatment (whether or not this involves transfer between hospitals or even NHS Boards).
2. All discharges (hospital stays) with a main or secondary diagnosis of cardiac arrest in addition to all deaths where cardiac arrest is recorded as the underlying or one of 10 secondary causes of death are included in the analysis. Death registrations corresponding to linked hospital discharges are excluded. The discharge code from the last SMR01 episode within the CIS determines whether the patient was discharged from the continuous stay alive or dead.
3. These statistics are based on the linked data set of SMR01 (Scottish Morbidity Record 01) and death records held by ISD Scotland. SMR01 collects information on inpatient and day case discharges from non-obstetric and non-psychiatric hospitals in Scotland. The linkage and use of the death records is by permission of the General Register Office for Scotland (GROS).
4. Up to six diagnoses (one main and five secondary) may be recorded on an SMR01 record. Up to 10 causes of death (underlying and secondary) may be recorded on the GROS death registration. All diagnoses position on any SMR01 record of a hospital stay and all causes of death have been used to identify cardiac arrest admissions or out of hospital deaths. Cardiac arrest has been defined using ICD10 code I46.
5. There will be some cases of myocardial infarction (MI) where a cardiac arrest occurred during the hospital stay but was not mentioned on the discharge summary.