To ask the Scottish Executive whether it will list all public inquiries which have been commissioned since 1960 in Scotland relating to matters of a criminal nature, giving the dates, terms of reference, use of judges and others from other jurisdictions outwith Scotland and indicating whether the decision of the Lord Advocate to prosecute or not to prosecute has been included within the scope of the inquiry, who commissioned each inquiry, when it reported and what action was taken to implement its recommendations.
There is no central record of public inquiries so far as we are aware. There has been no public inquiry which has looked at the decision of the Lord Advocate whether or not to prosecute.
In 1959, a tribunal was established under the Tribunals of Inquiry (Evidence) Act 1921, following a motion before the House of Commons that a Select Committee should inquire into the case of John Waters. The Waters Inquiry relied on the established principle that the prosecutor’s decision as to whether or not to bring a criminal prosecution is for the prosecuting authorities to decide on the merits of the case without political or other pressure. Founding on that principle the Waters Inquiry did not consider the decision of the Lord Advocate not to prosecute. As far as I am aware there has been no public inquiry since then which has deviated from this principle.
The following are examples of public inquiries which have, inter alia, included consideration of matters potentially of a criminal nature.
Orkney Inquiry 1991
On 20 June 1991 Ian Lang, Secretary of State for Scotland appointed Lord Clyde to conduct an Inquiry into the removal of nine children from South Ronaldsay, Orkney to a place of safety on 27 February 1991.
This inquiry considered the actings of Orkney Islands Council, in particular the Social Work Department and the Reporter to the Children’s Panel for that area, of the Northern Constabulary and of all persons acting on behalf of either of them, and into the effect of certain matters on those actings, including the decision to remove nine children and their actual removal to, and their detention in a place of safety.
At the time of the Inquiry, there were no related on-going or completed criminal proceedings and the remit of the inquiry did not include consideration of any prosecutorial decisions by the Lord Advocate.
Piper Alpha 1998
On the 13 July 1988, the Secretary of State for Energy instructed an inquiry into the Piper Alpha disaster. Lord Cullen was commissioned to report on the circumstances of the accident and to make recommendations with a view to the preservation of life and the avoidance of similar accidents in the future. Lord Cullen chaired the Inquiry into the disaster in two parts. The first was to establish the causes of the disaster. The second part made recommendations as to the future safety regime. Lord Cullen’s recommendations in the final published report led to a complete change in approach to Health and Safety matters offshore, with repercussions for the entire offshore industry in the UK.
Dunblane Inquiry 1996
The Dunblane Inquiry, in 1996, involved inquiry into, and consideration of matters of a criminal nature, including evidence about matters reported to procurators fiscal by the police, and the reasons stated by the procurators fiscal for their decisions in relation to those matters. However, Lord Cullen stated clearly in his report that he did not consider it proper for the Inquiry to require prosecutors to justify their decisions, or to entertain submissions as to the sufficiency of what was put forward as the justification of those decisions.