To ask the Scottish Executive what consideration will be given to the overall balance of greenhouse gas emissions and savings from the development of offshore renewable energy, including emissions from manufacture, transport, construction, seabed disturbance, operation, maintenance and decommissioning, when assessing (a) individual applications for consent and (b) the contribution of offshore renewable energy to meeting the Climate Change (Scotland) Act 2009 targets for emissions reductions.
(a) As part of an individual application for consent developers are required to submit an Environmental Statement. The associated assessment is subject to wide ranging consultation with statutory bodies and other affected stakeholders.
To assist Scottish ministers in making a determination on an application developers are invited to produce a statement of expected carbon savings over the lifetime of the associated application. Emissions from the various stages of manufacture and deployment will be accounted for under the NSEA as outlined in part (b) to this answer.
(b) The Net Scottish Emissions Account (NSEA), which will be used to measure the targets in the Climate Change (Scotland) Act, measures Scottish emissions using a production-based methodology. Emissions are attributed to the sector in which the production of the greenhouse gas takes place, so that emissions from electricity use are attributed to power stations, and direct (non-electrical) emissions from the manufacture (in Scotland) of wind turbines would be attributed to the industry that manufactures them. Direct emissions from, for example, the transport and construction of turbines are captured in the transport and construction sectors respectively.
Emissions from electricity generation fall within the traded sector and are included in the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). For consistency with international accounting methodologies, the NSEA will record emissions from this sector as Scotland''s share of the declining cap set by the EU ETS, regardless of total electricity production or the amount of renewable electricity. However, as made clear in the recent advice from the Committee on Climate Change, meeting the target of reducing emissions by 80% by 2050 will require early decarbonisation of the power sector. Renewable electricity, through displacing fossil fuelled generation, plays a crucial role in achieving this.
The Scottish Government''s Report on Policies and Proposals, to be published in September 2010, is required to set out how Scotland will meet its annual targets from 2010 to 2022 and the interim target for 2020. The report must consider the contribution towards the annual targets that should be made by electricity generation (among other activities).
The Climate Change (Scotland) Act also requires ministers to report separately on emissions attributable to the consumption and use of goods and services in Scotland.