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Chamber and committees

Social Inclusion, Housing and Voluntary Sector Committee, 15 Sep 1999

Meeting date: Wednesday, September 15, 1999


Contents


Drugs Misuse

The Convener:

Let us begin with the preliminary consideration of the drugs inquiry, which has gained a wee bit of publicity. The purpose of this paper is to get us started on the issue; it is not meant to be a definitive statement or watertight, as it must be thought through a bit. The title will be "Drugs and Social Inclusion—The Impact on Communities".

I should formally welcome Keith Raffan: we wish him well and we are glad to have him back. I say that because Keith is particularly interested in this matter and has flagged up the issue of drugs in previous committee meetings, emphasising the need for care and rehabilitation rather than enforcement. That is what we have focused on in this paper.

The proposed remit is:

1. To examine the extent to which the realities of addiction lead to exclusion for individuals, families and communities.

2. To examine current responses to issues of addiction by key agencies and services.

3. To ascertain proposals from local communities who have attempted to respond to issues of exclusion caused by problems of addiction.

4. To produce a series of short recommendations that can be passed onto appropriate sources within the parliament and the Executive.

Members can see that that is a fairly tight, small-scale remit. We do not see ourselves coming up with the definitive answer on drugs and social exclusion. We are beginning to examine community responses to issues of addiction and beginning recommendations that may go on to other issues of the Parliament. Do members want to comment on that?

Mr Lloyd Quinan (West of Scotland) (SNP):

After the previous meeting, it seems that we need a clear definition. Are we talking about addiction and social exclusion or about drugs and social exclusion? If we are talking about drugs and social exclusion, which drugs are we including and which are we excluding?

Mr Keith Raffan (Mid Scotland and Fife) (LD):

I am worried about the title of the paper—a small thing, but it indicates where we are going. "Drugs and Social Exclusion" is fine, but "The Impact on Communities" is not. We know that drugs have a desperate impact on communities. There should be a more definite indication of what we are looking for—what ways there are of improving the situation.

I take on board what Lloyd has just said. We have a problem. Many people are examining cross-addiction, not just between different kinds of drugs, but including alcohol—which is a kind of drug. Alcohol often leads on to the use of soft and hard drugs. That is a controversial statement, but it is a view that is held by many.

Our point is that we do not want to get into a long, extended inquiry. A short, sharp report that produces short, sharp recommendations is the way to proceed. We must be aware of the connection between alcohol and drugs.

The Convener:

Lloyd is right in a sense. The title is phrased deliberately. My understanding was that the committee took the clear decision that we would examine addiction with the emphasis on illegal drugs, but all the agencies tell us that there is a clear connection between alcohol misuse and drugs misuse. Therefore, part of the inquiry is to examine those problems.

We do not want to examine alcohol issues in too much depth—the alcohol agencies do that—but we must consider the connections. That is why drugs are mentioned in the title. In drafting the title, I was guided by the agencies who felt that it would help us to get into a short, sharp burst, but the issues could be raised by the inquiry.

Alex Neil (Central Scotland) (SNP):

We agreed that we must build on the report of the Scottish Affairs Select Committee rather than reinvent the wheel. We must build a number of recommendations from that committee's report into our remit.

The committee found that Scotland is in danger of becoming the drugs capital of Europe. The number of injectors—20,000—is three times the rate per head of population in Holland. We must discover why it is so high here. We must examine the significance of Holland being a relatively rich country that does not have the massive concentrations of deprivation and poverty that we have in Scotland.

Secondly, one of the main findings of the report was the lack of information on drug use and abuse in Scotland. We must establish what information is available. I want the proposed drugs enforcement agency to have an explicit remit to address the problem of drugs in deprived areas. It should not just take a legalistic approach; it must have a social remit and powers to examine the social aspects of this problem.

The select committee reported that further information about funding is required. It is not clear how much money is spent on this problem, whether the funding is properly co-ordinated and whether we get value for money. Part of the remit should be to examine funding for prevention, treatment and aftercare. We must ensure that funding is focused properly.

The final point arising from the select committee report, which must be included in the remit, is the definition of drug use and drug deaths. It recommended that the definition of drug deaths should be broadened to include related drownings, infections, murders and road traffic accidents. We confine drug deaths statistically to those that are the direct result of an overdose of heroin or other drugs. Many other deaths are an indirect result of drug use. All those points should be included in our remit.

I have no difficulty with that. I was suggesting that detail would be mapped out as we go into the issue in greater depth, especially the funding issues, but those are exactly the kinds of issues that we will examine.

Mr Raffan:

I do not want to widen the focus of the inquiry because it is important that it is focused, but we cannot ignore the fact that drugs are as prevalent in some prosperous areas of Scotland as in others. For example, oil-rich, cash-rich Aberdeen, Fraserburgh and the Broch are among the worst areas for heroin and cocaine abuse in Scotland.

There is a clear imbalance in Government spending at the moment. Three quarters of the £1.4 billion spent in the UK is spent on crime prevention. Only a quarter of that figure is spent on treatment, education and rehabilitation. The Government's focus is on cutting supply. It should be on cutting demand.

Mr John McAllion (Dundee East) (Lab):

Even this discussion on a short, sharp inquiry is turning into a long-winded affair. We must be careful. Already we are talking about following up the Westminster Scottish Affairs Select Committee report, which in itself would be a major task for this committee. We are also considering an examination of the remit of the drugs enforcement agency, which would be another major task. Now we are talking about considering prosperous areas as well as deprived areas, where the drug problems are different. An inquiry that took in all of those recommendations would take 18 months or two years.

The inquiry must be either short and sharp or detailed. The committee seems to be suggesting that it wants the inquiry to be detailed, which will take time. Later, I will argue for a big programme of work on housing, which the committee must also address along with the voluntary sector and a range of other poverty issues. We need to make up our minds. What are our priorities?

We can cover some of the issues in a short, sharp inquiry, but perhaps not all of them. It may be difficult, for example, to consider the enforcement agency.

First, I would like the clerk to get copies of the recommendations of the Scottish Affairs Select Committee report.

They have already been circulated.

Mike Watson:

I have not seen them. In any case, it is important that we build on some of those points. We should not overdo it. I agree with John that we need to narrow down our priorities.

Alex mentioned a number of the crucial points. Funding for the various agencies and how statutory and voluntary agencies interact to ensure that there is no overlap are crucial issues. Rehabilitation centres are also crucial for treatment. I do not want to examine alcohol abuse. That is a problem, but we need to be clear what we are talking about. We are not talking about the problems associated with the use of social or recreational drugs, or problems in middle-class areas; we are talking about social exclusion and social inclusion. We need to be clear about our remit and consider the effects of social exclusion on communities.

We know which areas we are talking about. City centres are affected by drug abuse. A lot of the young people who die are found in city centres. How does that affect those communities, which are not necessarily thought of as socially excluded? We need to be more precise in our aims, otherwise, as John said, we will get into an inquiry that will take 18 moths or two years. We must keep it fairly focused and we can do that by deciding with which agencies we want to engage and from whom we want to take evidence.

Mr Raffan:

May I make a suggestion? I agree with Mike and John that we must be focused, but we cannot ignore the connections. It may be useful to have written evidence on the connections between alcohol and drug abuse, for example, or between the situation in deprived areas, such as those in Aberdeen—which do exist—and in prosperous areas. We need to consider that connection, too: how drugs spread. With a problem as widespread as drugs, we cannot pigeonhole.

We need to curtail this part of the meeting.

Bill Aitken (Glasgow) (Con):

I want to underline Mike's point. I am concerned that we are losing our focus. We are here to focus on the effects of drugs on communities. If we start spreading into the effects of alcohol—although I appreciate that alcohol causes problems—we are likely to lose that focus. I am also concerned that bringing alcohol addiction into the debate is becoming a bit of a Trojan horse and that those who see alcohol as a soft drug may use that as a mechanism to press for the legalisation of cannabis. The argument is in danger of being hijacked.

I am also worried that we are being unnecessarily prescriptive. I do not want to lose sight of our focus, but a lot of people have an input into this debate. I would like us to change the wording of the third point on the paper on the remit of the proposed drugs inquiry to say that we will ascertain proposals from local communities and other interested bodies. That would enable organisations that do not meet the criteria outlined under item two on the inquiry's remit to have some input into the committee's deliberations.

Robert Brown (Glasgow) (LD):

We are trying to achieve a greater understanding of where the problems come from, so that we can arrive at solutions. One of the angles that we should consider goes back to housing. Quite a lot of people who live on the streets are there because of drugs and family breakdown. We need to know a bit more about that and about how we can prevent the problem arising in the first place. Our main priority has to be the causes.

Fiona Hyslop (Lothians) (SNP):

We need to remember where we came from in this debate. I argued unsuccessfully for a cross-committee inquiry into drugs. If we had that, we would be able to consider the drugs enforcement agency and some of the health issues. We have made the decision that we do not want a cross-committee inquiry. The impact on communities—including funding—is an area where we can have a short, sharp look at the problem and that will lead us on to other areas.

Bill was completely wrong to ignore the wider view. It is important to look at the broader aspects of addiction. That might be the avenue—perhaps using written evidence, as Keith says—by which we can start to investigate with the Health and Community Care Committee and other committees. That is the point at which—as I understood we had agreed—the work that we do here will spin off into other areas.

Please do not narrow the issue down. Let us look at addiction generally, as part of this and perhaps in written form, but let us keep to the short, sharp look at the social impact of drugs. We must not lose sight of the fact that we should be looking for cross-party and cross-committee work on this.

The Convener:

This issue will undoubtedly go to other parts of the Parliament—probably the committee structure—and we may be able to make recommendations to some ministers. My interpretation of our previous discussion is that this committee wants to get a sense of what it is really like to live in communities that pay the highest price for the drug problem and that that must determine our agenda. That is why I have recommended a preliminary phase. We must investigate—not necessarily formally—those communities, the people who have misused drugs and their families, who have suffered directly. A lot of evidence from those people has not found its way into the political system.

It is inevitable that we will end up looking at how projects, through-care and support strategies are funded. If we are pushed in the direction of looking at the legal system, we can recommend on. We are all well acquainted enough with the problem to know where it is likely to take us. I have no difficulty with adding other interested bodies to our inquiry. If someone has something to say to us, we must manage that sensibly. Let us see where the debate takes us before we become too prescriptive.

Alex Neil:

Obviously, Margaret, you will consider the points that have been raised about planning and funding, the need for information and Mike's point about looking at the recommendations of the Scottish Affairs Select Committee. I suggest that you come back to the next meeting with a revised remit and a more detailed work programme under each of the phases.

The Convener:

Perhaps I could have a word with Keith and Mike, as they have indicated a particular interest, and anyone else who wishes to be involved. The idea was that during the preliminary phase regular reports to the committee would keep us up to date. I have met a number of agencies to hear their views. I will continue to do that on behalf of the committee and to work out some programme for us.

This is a good example of where the committee should go out and meet people who live in the real world, rather than sit here in Edinburgh and take evidence.

The Convener:

Yes. We had a wee discussion about this prior to everyone else joining us. It is clearly the view of this committee—not only in relation to drugs but to all the issues that we deal with—that we cannot do our work sitting in this room. Some work will be done here, but not all of it. We have unanimously agreed to make the strongest representation to the Parliamentary Bureau and to the committee of conveners. The notion that we can have only one meeting outside Edinburgh is absurd. We cannot do our work that way. We can propose to the bureau many options for conducting our work at minimal cost. There is, however, no point in minimising costs to the point at which we cannot do our job, and we must travel.

By definition we would be socially excluding people from the work of this committee if we sat only in Edinburgh.

Yes. That is a clear view across the committee.

Cathie Craigie (Cumbernauld and Kilsyth) (Lab):

I am keen that the committee gets out and about and engages people in dialogue so that we take evidence and gather information that will help us to make informed decisions. I do not think that we do much by inviting people along who then have to sit and watch the proceedings. We want to involve people in our work. I support what you say about objecting strongly to what today's press reports as the Parliamentary Bureau's ruling. That is not acceptable. We want to get out and meet people

How do you propose to deal with part B, on the timescale and the gathering of evidence? How will we establish who we want to speak to?

Is that on the drugs paper?

Mike Watson:

Yes. You talked about establishing key sources and evidence from communities, from addicts themselves and from their families. I could suggest a number of agencies and I am sure that others could too. How are we going to establish who to talk to?

The Convener:

After this decision has been made, I would like to talk to committee members who have expertise. Keith, you and others have mentioned possibilities for consultation. We should talk to the agencies and establish a profile of key agencies and parties. We will want to consult key sources. They would be previous reports and some of the international material that has been published. There is also strong evidence that we should hear directly from people with experience of drugs in their families, as well as from knowledgeable agencies. The emphasis, again, would be on rehabilitation, care and treatment, rather than on enforcement issues.

Mr Raffan:

When it comes to treatment and rehabilitation there are other parts of the country and, indeed, other parts of the world that are a long way ahead of us. Obviously, the Parliamentary Bureau would call a halt to our bringing people over from the United States, but as so many of the leading figures in treatment are down south, it would be worth considering getting written evidence from them and possibly calling them to the committee to give evidence.

Alex Neil:

It would also be appropriate to call on representatives of the Department of Health because not all the relevant budgets are devolved. The national drugs helpline, for example, is still funded centrally from the Department of Health in London although it covers the whole UK. Funding for it has been reduced substantially in the past year or two. The helpline has been a major influence in preventing some problems as well as in assisting treatment.

Perhaps we can produce more detailed reports on that as we gather evidence.